复制代码  @RestController
  @RequestMapping("/account")
  public class AccountController {

      @CrossOrigin
      @GetMapping("/{id}")
      public Account retrieve(@PathVariable Long id) {
          // ...
      }

      @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
      public void remove(@PathVariable Long id) {
          // ...
      }

复制代码  @CrossOrigin(origins = "http://domain2.com", maxAge = 3600)
  @RestController
  @RequestMapping("/account")
  public class AccountController {

      @GetMapping("/{id}")
      public Account retrieve(@PathVariable Long id) {
          // ...
      }

      @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
      public void remove(@PathVariable Long id) {
          // ...
      }
  }

复制代码@CrossOrigin(maxAge = 3600)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @CrossOrigin(origins = "http://domain2.com")
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Account retrieve(@PathVariable Long id) {
        // ...
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void remove(@PathVariable Long id) {
        // ...
    }
}

复制代码@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.cors().and()...
    }
}

复制代码    @Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc
    public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

        @Override
        public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
            registry.addMapping("/**");
        }
    }

复制代码@Configuration
public class MyConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() {
        return new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
                registry.addMapping("/**");
            }
        };
    }
}

复制代码@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
    registry.addMapping("/api/**")
        .allowedOrigins("http://domain2.com")
        .allowedMethods("PUT", "DELETE")
            .allowedHeaders("header1", "header2", "header3")
        .exposedHeaders("header1", "header2")
        .allowCredentials(false).maxAge(3600);
}

复制代码<mvc:cors>
    <mvc:mapping path="/**" />
</mvc:cors>

复制代码<mvc:cors>

    <mvc:mapping path="/api/**"
        allowed-origins="http://domain1.com, http://domain2.com"
        allowed-methods="GET, PUT"
        allowed-headers="header1, header2, header3"
        exposed-headers="header1, header2" allow-credentials="false"
        max-age="123" />

    <mvc:mapping path="/resources/**"
        allowed-origins="http://domain1.com" />

</mvc:cors>

复制代码<http>
    <!-- Default to Spring MVC's CORS configuration -->
    <cors />
    ...
</http>

复制代码@Configuration
public class MyConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean corsFilter() {
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
        config.setAllowCredentials(true);
        config.addAllowedOrigin("http://domain1.com");
        config.addAllowedHeader("*");
        config.addAllowedMethod("*");
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config);
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(new CorsFilter(source));
        bean.setOrder(0);
        return bean;
    }
}

复制代码sqlSessionContext.clientWriteAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(authen.toPacket())

复制代码//注 4.1以后官方对池化内存信心大增，默认为打开
String allocType = SystemPropertyUtil.get("io.netty.allocator.type", "unpooled").toLowerCase(Locale.US).trim();
        ByteBufAllocator alloc;
        if ("unpooled".equals(allocType)) {
            alloc = UnpooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT;
            logger.debug("-Dio.netty.allocator.type: {}", allocType);
        } else if ("pooled".equals(allocType)) {
            alloc = PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT;
            logger.debug("-Dio.netty.allocator.type: {}", allocType);
        } else {
            alloc = UnpooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT;
            logger.debug("-Dio.netty.allocator.type: unpooled (unknown: {})", allocType);
        }

复制代码static final class ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf extends UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf {

        private static final Recycler<ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf> RECYCLER =
                new Recycler<ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf>() {
                    @Override
                    protected ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf newObject(Handle<ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf> handle) {
                        return new ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf(handle);
                    }
                };

        static ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf newInstance() {
            ThreadLocalUnsafeDirectByteBuf buf = RECYCLER.get();
            buf.setRefCnt(1);
            return buf;
        }

复制代码int maxCapacity = SystemPropertyUtil.getInt("io.netty.recycler.maxCapacity.default", 0);
        if (maxCapacity <= 0) {
            // TODO: Some arbitrary large number - should adjust as we get more production experience.
            maxCapacity = 262144;
        }

复制代码THREAD_LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE = SystemPropertyUtil.getInt("io.netty.threadLocalDirectBufferSize", 64 * 1024);
        logger.debug("-Dio.netty.threadLocalDirectBufferSize: {}", THREAD_LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE);

复制代码-Dio.netty.threadLocalDirectBufferSize=2048

复制代码Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(AthenaEventLoopGroupCenter.getSeverWorkerGroup());
b.channel(AthenaEventLoopGroupCenter.getChannelClass());
b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
b.option(EpollChannelOption.EPOLL_MODE, EpollMode.LEVEL_TRIGGERED);

复制代码/**
     * Sets if {@link ChannelHandlerContext#read()} will be invoked automatically so that a user application doesn't
     * need to call it at all. The default value is {@code true}.
     */
    ChannelConfig setAutoRead(boolean autoRead);

复制代码public class WriteBuf {
    private final List<ByteBuf> bufs = new LinkedList<ByteBuf>();
    private int bufSize;

    public int write(ByteBuf buf) {
        bufs.add(buf);
        bufSize += buf.readableBytes();
        return bufSize;
    }

    public ByteBuf readall() {
        try {
            return new CompositeByteBuf(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT, false, bufs.size(), bufs);
        } finally {
            bufSize=0;
            bufs.clear();
        }
    }
}

复制代码    /**
     * ThreadLocalMap is a customized hash map suitable only for
     * maintaining thread local values. No operations are exported
     * outside of the ThreadLocal class. The class is package private to
     * allow declaration of fields in class Thread.  To help deal with
     * very large and long-lived usages, the hash table entries use
     * WeakReferences for keys. However, since reference queues are not
     * used, stale entries are guaranteed to be removed only when
     * the table starts running out of space.
     */
    static class ThreadLocalMap {
        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }
        ....
    }

复制代码    /**
     * ThreadLocals rely on per-thread linear-probe hash maps attached
     * to each thread (Thread.threadLocals and
     * inheritableThreadLocals).  The ThreadLocal objects act as keys,
     * searched via threadLocalHashCode.  This is a custom hash code
     * (useful only within ThreadLocalMaps) that eliminates collisions
     * in the common case where consecutively constructed ThreadLocals
     * are used by the same threads, while remaining well-behaved in
     * less common cases.
     */
    private final int threadLocalHashCode = nextHashCode();

    /**
     * The next hash code to be given out. Updated atomically. Starts at
     * zero.
     */
    private static AtomicInteger nextHashCode =
        new AtomicInteger();

    /**
     * The difference between successively generated hash codes - turns
     * implicit sequential thread-local IDs into near-optimally spread
     * multiplicative hash values for power-of-two-sized tables.
     */
    private static final int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;

    /**
     * Returns the next hash code.
     */
    private static int nextHashCode() {
        return nextHashCode.getAndAdd(HASH_INCREMENT);
    }

复制代码        /**
         * The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
         */
        private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;    

        /**
         * Construct a new map initially containing (firstKey, firstValue).
         * ThreadLocalMaps are constructed lazily, so we only create
         * one when we have at least one entry to put in it.
         */
        ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
            table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
            int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
            table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
            size = 1;
            setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
        }

复制代码    /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

    /**
     * Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
     * of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
     *
     * @return the initial value
     */
    private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }

    protected T initialValue() {
        return null;
    }

复制代码    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local
     * variable.  If this thread-local variable is subsequently
     * {@linkplain #get read} by the current thread, its value will be
     * reinitialized by invoking its {@link #initialValue} method,
     * unless its value is {@linkplain #set set} by the current thread
     * in the interim.  This may result in multiple invocations of the
     * {@code initialValue} method in the current thread.
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
     public void remove() {
         ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
         if (m != null)
             m.remove(this);
     }

复制代码    /**
     * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param  t the current thread
     * @return the map
     */
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

    /**
     * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param t the current thread
     * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
     */
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

    // Thread中的源码

    /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
     * by the ThreadLocal class. */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

    /*
     * InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is
     * maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.
     */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;

复制代码        /**
         * Get the entry associated with key.  This method
         * itself handles only the fast path: a direct hit of existing
         * key. It otherwise relays to getEntryAfterMiss.  This is
         * designed to maximize performance for direct hits, in part
         * by making this method readily inlinable.
         *
         * @param  key the thread local object
         * @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
         */
        private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
            Entry e = table[i];
            if (e != null && e.get() == key)
                return e;
            else
                return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
        }

        /**
         * Version of getEntry method for use when key is not found in
         * its direct hash slot.
         *
         * @param  key the thread local object
         * @param  i the table index for key's hash code
         * @param  e the entry at table[i]
         * @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
         */
        private Entry getEntryAfterMiss(ThreadLocal<?> key, int i, Entry e) {
            Entry[] tab = table;
            int len = tab.length;

            // 清理key为null的Entry
            while (e != null) {
                ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
                if (k == key)
                    return e;
                if (k == null)
                    expungeStaleEntry(i);
                else
                    i = nextIndex(i, len);
                e = tab[i];
            }
            return null;
        }

复制代码Vue.use(Vuex);

/*将store放入Vue创建时的option中*/
new Vue({
    el: '#app',
    store
});

复制代码/*暴露给外部的插件install方法，供Vue.use调用安装插件*/
export function install (_Vue) {
  if (Vue) {
    /*避免重复安装（Vue.use内部也会检测一次是否重复安装同一个插件）*/
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      console.error(
        '[vuex] already installed. Vue.use(Vuex) should be called only once.'
      )
    }
    return
  }
  /*保存Vue，同时用于检测是否重复安装*/
  Vue = _Vue
  /*将vuexInit混淆进Vue的beforeCreate(Vue2.0)或_init方法(Vue1.0)*/
  applyMixin(Vue)
}

复制代码 /*Vuex的init钩子，会存入每一个Vue实例等钩子列表*/
  function vuexInit () {
    const options = this.$options
    // store injection
    if (options.store) {
      /*存在store其实代表的就是Root节点，直接执行store（function时）或者使用store（非function）*/
      this.$store = typeof options.store === 'function'
        ? options.store()
        : options.store
    } else if (options.parent && options.parent.$store) {
      /*子组件直接从父组件中获取$store，这样就保证了所有组件都公用了全局的同一份store*/
      this.$store = options.parent.$store
    }
  }

复制代码export default new Vuex.Store({
    strict: true,
    modules: {
        moduleA,
        moduleB
    }
});

复制代码constructor (options = {}) {
    // Auto install if it is not done yet and `window` has `Vue`.
    // To allow users to avoid auto-installation in some cases,
    // this code should be placed here. See #731
    /*
      在浏览器环境下，如果插件还未安装（!Vue即判断是否未安装），则它会自动安装。
      它允许用户在某些情况下避免自动安装。
    */
    if (!Vue && typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.Vue) {
      install(window.Vue)
    }

    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      assert(Vue, `must call Vue.use(Vuex) before creating a store instance.`)
      assert(typeof Promise !== 'undefined', `vuex requires a Promise polyfill in this browser.`)
      assert(this instanceof Store, `Store must be called with the new operator.`)
    }

    const {
      /*一个数组，包含应用在 store 上的插件方法。这些插件直接接收 store 作为唯一参数，可以监听 mutation（用于外部地数据持久化、记录或调试）或者提交 mutation （用于内部数据，例如 websocket 或 某些观察者）*/
      plugins = [],
      /*使 Vuex store 进入严格模式，在严格模式下，任何 mutation 处理函数以外修改 Vuex state 都会抛出错误。*/
      strict = false
    } = options

    /*从option中取出state，如果state是function则执行，最终得到一个对象*/
    let {
      state = {}
    } = options
    if (typeof state === 'function') {
      state = state()
    }

    // store internal state
    /* 用来判断严格模式下是否是用mutation修改state的 */
    this._committing = false
    /* 存放action */
    this._actions = Object.create(null)
    /* 存放mutation */
    this._mutations = Object.create(null)
    /* 存放getter */
    this._wrappedGetters = Object.create(null)
    /* module收集器 */
    this._modules = new ModuleCollection(options)
    /* 根据namespace存放module */
    this._modulesNamespaceMap = Object.create(null)
    /* 存放订阅者 */
    this._subscribers = []
    /* 用以实现Watch的Vue实例 */
    this._watcherVM = new Vue()

    // bind commit and dispatch to self
    /*将dispatch与commit调用的this绑定为store对象本身，否则在组件内部this.dispatch时的this会指向组件的vm*/
    const store = this
    const { dispatch, commit } = this
    /* 为dispatch与commit绑定this（Store实例本身） */
    this.dispatch = function boundDispatch (type, payload) {
      return dispatch.call(store, type, payload)
    }
    this.commit = function boundCommit (type, payload, options) {
      return commit.call(store, type, payload, options)
    }

    // strict mode
    /*严格模式(使 Vuex store 进入严格模式，在严格模式下，任何 mutation 处理函数以外修改 Vuex state 都会抛出错误)*/
    this.strict = strict

    // init root module.
    // this also recursively registers all sub-modules
    // and collects all module getters inside this._wrappedGetters
    /*初始化根module，这也同时递归注册了所有子modle，收集所有module的getter到_wrappedGetters中去，this._modules.root代表根module才独有保存的Module对象*/
    installModule(this, state, [], this._modules.root)

    // initialize the store vm, which is responsible for the reactivity
    // (also registers _wrappedGetters as computed properties)
    /* 通过vm重设store，新建Vue对象使用Vue内部的响应式实现注册state以及computed */
    resetStoreVM(this, state)

    // apply plugins
    /* 调用插件 */
    plugins.forEach(plugin => plugin(this))

    /* devtool插件 */
    if (Vue.config.devtools) {
      devtoolPlugin(this)
    }
  }

复制代码/*初始化module*/
function installModule (store, rootState, path, module, hot) {
  /* 是否是根module */
  const isRoot = !path.length
  /* 获取module的namespace */
  const namespace = store._modules.getNamespace(path)

  // register in namespace map
  /* 如果有namespace则在_modulesNamespaceMap中注册 */
  if (module.namespaced) {
    store._modulesNamespaceMap[namespace] = module
  }

  // set state
  if (!isRoot && !hot) {
    /* 获取父级的state */
    const parentState = getNestedState(rootState, path.slice(0, -1))
    /* module的name */
    const moduleName = path[path.length - 1]
    store.`_withCommit`(() => {
      /* 将子module设置称响应式的 */
      Vue.set(parentState, moduleName, module.state)
    })
  }

  const local = module.context = makeLocalContext(store, namespace, path)

  /* 遍历注册mutation */
  module.forEachMutation((mutation, key) => {
    const namespacedType = namespace + key
    registerMutation(store, namespacedType, mutation, local)
  })

  /* 遍历注册action */
  module.forEachAction((action, key) => {
    const namespacedType = namespace + key
    registerAction(store, namespacedType, action, local)
  })

  /* 遍历注册getter */
  module.forEachGetter((getter, key) => {
    const namespacedType = namespace + key
    registerGetter(store, namespacedType, getter, local)
  })

  /* 递归安装mudule */
  module.forEachChild((child, key) => {
    installModule(store, rootState, path.concat(key), child, hot)
  })
}

复制代码let globalData = {
    d: 'hello world'
};
new Vue({
    data () {
        return {
            ?state: {
                globalData
            }
        }
    }
});

/* modify */
setTimeout(() => {
    globalData.d = 'hi~';
}, 1000);

Vue.prototype.globalData = globalData;

/* 任意模板中 */
<div>```{{globalData.d}}```</div>

复制代码/* 通过vm重设store，新建Vue对象使用Vue内部的响应式实现注册state以及computed */
function resetStoreVM (store, state, hot) {
  /* 存放之前的vm对象 */
  const oldVm = store._vm 

  // bind store public getters
  store.getters = {}
  const wrappedGetters = store._wrappedGetters
  const computed = {}

  /* 通过Object.defineProperty为每一个getter方法设置get方法，比如获取this.$store.getters.test的时候获取的是store._vm.test，也就是Vue对象的computed属性 */
  forEachValue(wrappedGetters, (fn, key) => {
    // use computed to leverage its lazy-caching mechanism
    computed[key] = () => fn(store)
    Object.defineProperty(store.getters, key, {
      get: () => store._vm[key],
      enumerable: true // for local getters
    })
  })

  // use a Vue instance to store the state tree
  // suppress warnings just in case the user has added
  // some funky global mixins
  const silent = Vue.config.silent
  /* Vue.config.silent暂时设置为true的目的是在new一个Vue实例的过程中不会报出一切警告 */
  Vue.config.silent = true
  /*  这里new了一个Vue对象，运用Vue内部的响应式实现注册state以及computed*/
  store._vm = new Vue({
    data: {
      ?state: state
    },
    computed
  })
  Vue.config.silent = silent

  // enable strict mode for new vm
  /* 使能严格模式，保证修改store只能通过mutation */
  if (store.strict) {
    enableStrictMode(store)
  }

  if (oldVm) {
    /* 解除旧vm的state的引用，以及销毁旧的Vue对象 */
    if (hot) {
      // dispatch changes in all subscribed watchers
      // to force getter re-evaluation for hot reloading.
      store._withCommit(() => {
        oldVm._data.?state = null
      })
    }
    Vue.nextTick(() => oldVm.$destroy())
  }
}

复制代码forEachValue(wrappedGetters, (fn, key) => {
  // use computed to leverage its lazy-caching mechanism
  computed[key] = () => fn(store)
  Object.defineProperty(store.getters, key, {
    get: () => store._vm[key],
    enumerable: true // for local getters
  })
})

复制代码store._vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    ?state: state
  },
  computed
})

复制代码/* 使能严格模式 */
function enableStrictMode (store) {
  store._vm.$watch(function () { return this._data.?state }, () => {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      /* 检测store中的_committing的值，如果是true代表不是通过mutation的方法修改的 */
      assert(store._committing, `Do not mutate vuex store state outside mutation handlers.`)
    }
  }, { deep: true, sync: true })
}

复制代码this._withCommit(() => {
  entry.forEach(function commitIterator (handler) {
    handler(payload)
  })
})

复制代码_withCommit (fn) {
  /* 调用withCommit修改state的值时会将store的committing值置为true，内部会有断言检查该值，在严格模式下只允许使用mutation来修改store中的值，而不允许直接修改store的数值 */
  const committing = this._committing
  this._committing = true
  fn()
  this._committing = committing
}

复制代码/* 调用mutation的commit方法 */
commit (_type, _payload, _options) {
  // check object-style commit
  /* 校验参数 */
  const {
    type,
    payload,
    options
  } = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload, _options)

  const mutation = { type, payload }
  /* 取出type对应的mutation的方法 */
  const entry = this._mutations[type]
  if (!entry) {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      console.error(`[vuex] unknown mutation type: ${type}`)
    }
    return
  }
  /* 执行mutation中的所有方法 */
  this._withCommit(() => {
    entry.forEach(function commitIterator (handler) {
      handler(payload)
    })
  })
  /* 通知所有订阅者 */
  this._subscribers.forEach(sub => sub(mutation, this.state))

  if (
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    options && options.silent
  ) {
    console.warn(
      `[vuex] mutation type: ${type}. Silent option has been removed. ` +
      'Use the filter functionality in the vue-devtools'
    )
  }
}

复制代码/* 注册一个订阅函数，返回取消订阅的函数 */
subscribe (fn) {
  const subs = this._subscribers
  if (subs.indexOf(fn) < 0) {
    subs.push(fn)
  }
  return () => {
    const i = subs.indexOf(fn)
    if (i > -1) {
      subs.splice(i, 1)
    }
  }
}

复制代码/* 调用action的dispatch方法 */
dispatch (_type, _payload) {
  // check object-style dispatch
  const {
    type,
    payload
  } = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload)

  /* actions中取出type对应的ation */
  const entry = this._actions[type]
  if (!entry) {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      console.error(`[vuex] unknown action type: ${type}`)
    }
    return
  }

  /* 是数组则包装Promise形成一个新的Promise，只有一个则直接返回第0个 */
  return entry.length > 1
    ? Promise.all(entry.map(handler => handler(payload)))
    : entry[0](payload)
}

复制代码/* 遍历注册action */
function registerAction (store, type, handler, local) {
  /* 取出type对应的action */
  const entry = store._actions[type] || (store._actions[type] = [])
  entry.push(function wrappedActionHandler (payload, cb) {
    let res = handler.call(store, {
      dispatch: local.dispatch,
      commit: local.commit,
      getters: local.getters,
      state: local.state,
      rootGetters: store.getters,
      rootState: store.state
    }, payload, cb)
    /* 判断是否是Promise */
    if (!isPromise(res)) {
      /* 不是Promise对象的时候转化称Promise对象 */
      res = Promise.resolve(res)
    }
    if (store._devtoolHook) {
      /* 存在devtool插件的时候触发vuex的error给devtool */
      return res.catch(err => {
        store._devtoolHook.emit('vuex:error', err)
        throw err
      })
    } else {
      return res
    }
  })
}

复制代码/* 观察一个getter方法 */
watch (getter, cb, options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    assert(typeof getter === 'function', `store.watch only accepts a function.`)
  }
  return this._watcherVM.$watch(() => getter(this.state, this.getters), cb, options)
}

复制代码/* 注册一个动态module，当业务进行异步加载的时候，可以通过该接口进行注册动态module */
registerModule (path, rawModule) {
  /* 转化称Array */
  if (typeof path === 'string') path = [path]

  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    assert(Array.isArray(path), `module path must be a string or an Array.`)
    assert(path.length > 0, 'cannot register the root module by using registerModule.')
  }

  /*注册*/
  this._modules.register(path, rawModule)
  /*初始化module*/
  installModule(this, this.state, path, this._modules.get(path))
  // reset store to update getters...
  /* 通过vm重设store，新建Vue对象使用Vue内部的响应式实现注册state以及computed */
  resetStoreVM(this, this.state)
}

复制代码 /* 注销一个动态module */
unregisterModule (path) {
  /* 转化称Array */
  if (typeof path === 'string') path = [path]

  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    assert(Array.isArray(path), `module path must be a string or an Array.`)
  }

  /*注销*/
  this._modules.unregister(path)
  this._withCommit(() => {
    /* 获取父级的state */
    const parentState = getNestedState(this.state, path.slice(0, -1))
    /* 从父级中删除 */
    Vue.delete(parentState, path[path.length - 1])
  })
  /* 重制store */
  resetStore(this)
}

复制代码/* 重制store */
function resetStore (store, hot) {
  store._actions = Object.create(null)
  store._mutations = Object.create(null)
  store._wrappedGetters = Object.create(null)
  store._modulesNamespaceMap = Object.create(null)
  const state = store.state
  // init all modules
  installModule(store, state, [], store._modules.root, true)
  // reset vm
  resetStoreVM(store, state, hot)
}

复制代码/* 从window对象的__VUE_DEVTOOLS_GLOBAL_HOOK__中获取devtool插件 */
const devtoolHook =
  typeof window !== 'undefined' &&
  window.__VUE_DEVTOOLS_GLOBAL_HOOK__

export default function devtoolPlugin (store) {
  if (!devtoolHook) return

  /* devtoll插件实例存储在store的_devtoolHook上 */
  store._devtoolHook = devtoolHook

  /* 出发vuex的初始化事件，并将store的引用地址传给deltool插件，使插件获取store的实例 */
  devtoolHook.emit('vuex:init', store)

  /* 监听travel-to-state事件 */
  devtoolHook.on('vuex:travel-to-state', targetState => {
    /* 重制state */
    store.replaceState(targetState)
  })

  /* 订阅store的变化 */
  store.subscribe((mutation, state) => {
    devtoolHook.emit('vuex:mutation', mutation, state)
  })
}

复制代码CREATE TABLE `goods` (
`goods_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '商品ID',
`goodsname` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
`number` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品库存',
 PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='商品表'

复制代码INSERT INTO `goods` (`goods_id`, `goodsname`, `number`)
VALUES (1001, 'SN卫衣', 15)

复制代码CREATE TABLE `orderinfo` (
`order_id` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单编号',
`goods_id` bigint(18) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品ID',
`user_id` bigint(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
`order_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '下单时间' ,
 PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`),
 INDEX `idx_order_id` (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表'

复制代码<dependencies>
      <!-- 单元测试 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.11</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 1.日志 slf4j-->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
          <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.1</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 2.数据库连接驱动 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>mysql</groupId>
          <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          <version>5.1.37</version>
          <scope>runtime</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
          <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
          <version>0.9.1.2</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 3.MyBatis 以及 spring-mybatis -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
          <version>3.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.3</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 4.Servlet 相关依赖 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
          <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.4</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 5.Spring -->

      <!-- 5.1 Spring核心 ：core bean context -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- 5.2 Spring jdbc依赖，事务依赖 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- 5.3 Spring web依赖>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <!-- 5.4 Spring test -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 6.redis客户端:Jedis【不使用的话可以直接去除】 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
          <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
          <version>2.7.3</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.dyuproject.protostuff</groupId>
          <artifactId>protostuff-core</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.8</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.dyuproject.protostuff</groupId>
          <artifactId>protostuff-runtime</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.8</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 7.工具类 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
          <version>3.2</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

复制代码jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://serverName:port/dbname?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=[填写自己的数据库用户名]
jdbc.password=[填写自己的数据库登录密码]

复制代码/**
 * 商品信息类
 * @author glmapper
 *
 */
public class Goods {
    private long goodsId;// 商品ID
    private String goodsName;// 商品名称
    private int number;// 商品库存

    public long getGoodsId() {
        return goodsId;
    }
    public void setGoodsId(long goodsId) {
        this.goodsId = goodsId;
    }
    public String getGoodsName() {
        return goodsName;
    }
    public void setGoodsName(String goodsName) {
        this.goodsName = goodsName;
    }
    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
}

复制代码/**
 * 订单信息类
 * @author glmapper
 *
 */
public class OrderInfo {
    private String orderId;//订单ID
    private long goodsId;//商品ID
    private long userId;//用户ID
    private Date orderTime;//下单时间
    public String getOrderId() {
        return orderId;
    }
    public void setOrderId(String orderId) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }
    public long getGoodsId() {
        return goodsId;
    }
    public void setGoodsId(long goodsId) {
        this.goodsId = goodsId;
    }
    public long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
    public void setUserId(long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
    public Date getOrderTime() {
        return orderTime;
    }
    public void setOrderTime(Date orderTime) {
        this.orderTime = orderTime;
    }
}

复制代码public interface GoodsDao {

    /**
     * 通过ID查询单件商品信息
     * 
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    Goods queryById(long id);

    /**
     * 查询所有商品信息
     * 
     * @param offset 查询起始位置
     * @param limit 查询条数
     * @return
     */
    List<Goods> queryAll(@Param("offset") int offset, @Param("limit") int limit);

    /**
     * 减少商品库存
     * 
     * @param bookId
     * @return 如果影响行数等于>1，表示更新的记录行数
     */
    int reduceNumber(long goodsId);

}

复制代码public interface OrderInfoDao {

  /**
   * 插入订单记录
   * 
   * @param OrderInfo orderInfo
   * @return 插入的行数
   */
  int insertOrderInfo(OrderInfo orderInfo);

  /**
   * 通过主键查询订单记录，返回订单实体 
   * @param orderId
   * @return
   */
  OrderInfo queryByOrderId(String orderId);
}

复制代码@Service("orderService")
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
  //log生成器
  private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderServiceImpl.class);

  // 注入dao依赖【商品dao，订单dao】
  @Autowired
  private GoodsDao goodsDao;
  @Autowired
  private OrderInfoDao orderInfoDao;

  @Override
  public Goods getById(long goodsId) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      return goodsDao.queryById(goodsId);
  }

  @Override
  public List<Goods> getList(int offset,int limit) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      return goodsDao.queryAll(offset, limit);
  }

  @Override
  @Transactional
  public OrderInfo buyGoods(long goodsId, long userId) {
      //扣减库存，插入订单 =一个事务  如果失败则执行回滚
      try {
          // 减库存
          int update = goodsDao.reduceNumber(goodsId);
          if (update <= 0) {// 库存不足
              throw new NoNumberException("no number");
          } else {
              // 执行预约操作
              OrderInfo orderInfo=new OrderInfo();
              orderInfo.setGoodsId(goodsId);
              orderInfo.setUserId(userId);
              orderInfo.setOrderTime(new Date());
              String orderId=getRandomOrderId(goodsId);
              orderInfo.setOrderId(orderId);
              int insert = orderInfoDao.insertOrderInfo(orderInfo);
              if (insert <= 0) {// 重复预约
                  throw new RepeatAppointException("repeat appoint");
              } else {// 预约成功
                  return orderInfo;
              }
          }
      } catch (Exception e) {
          //这里可以丰富下具体的返回信息
          logger.error("下单失败");
      } 
      return null;
  }

  private String getRandomOrderId(long goodsId) {
      SimpleDateFormat dateFormater = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
      String prefix=dateFormater.format(new Date());
      String goodsIdStr=goodsId+"";
      String temp="";
      for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          Random random=new Random(goodsIdStr.length()-1);
          temp+=goodsIdStr.charAt(random.nextInt());
      }
      return prefix+temp;
  }
}

复制代码def persist[A](event: A)(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit

def persistAll[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit

复制代码public class ReentrantTest implements Runnable {

    public synchronized void get() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        set();
    }

    public synchronized void set() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    public void run() {
        get();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantTest rt = new ReentrantTest();
        for(;;){
            new Thread(rt).start();
        }
    }
}

复制代码Thread-8492
Thread-8492
Thread-8494
Thread-8494
Thread-8495
Thread-8495
Thread-8493
Thread-8493

复制代码import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class UnreentrantLock {

    private AtomicReference<Thread> owner = new AtomicReference<Thread>();

    public void lock() {
        Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        //这句是很经典的“自旋”语法，AtomicInteger中也有
        for (;;) {
            if (!owner.compareAndSet(null, current)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    public void unlock() {
        Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        owner.compareAndSet(current, null);
    }
}

复制代码import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class UnreentrantLock {

    private AtomicReference<Thread> owner = new AtomicReference<Thread>();
    private int state = 0;

    public void lock() {
        Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        if (current == owner.get()) {
            state++;
            return;
        }
        //这句是很经典的“自旋”式语法，AtomicInteger中也有
        for (;;) {
            if (!owner.compareAndSet(null, current)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    public void unlock() {
        Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
        if (current == owner.get()) {
            if (state != 0) {
                state--;
            } else {
                owner.compareAndSet(current, null);
            }
        }
    }
}

复制代码        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            //就是这里
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

复制代码def my_abs(x):
    if x >= 0:
        return x
    else:
        return -x

复制代码>>> a = abs # 变量a指向abs函数
>>> a(-1) # 所以也可以通过a调用abs函数
1

复制代码def power(x):
    return x * x

复制代码def power(x , y = 2):
    return x * y

复制代码def add_end(L=[]):
    L.append('END')
    return L

复制代码>>> add_end([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3, 'END']
>>> add_end(['x', 'y', 'z'])
['x', 'y', 'z', 'END']

复制代码>>> add_end()
['END']

复制代码>>> add_end()
['END', 'END']
>>> add_end()
['END', 'END', 'END']

复制代码def add_end(L=None):
    if L is None:
        L = []
    L.append('END')
    return L

复制代码>>> add_end()
['END']
>>> add_end()
['END']

复制代码def calc(*numbers):
    sum = 0
    for n in numbers:
        sum = sum + n * n
    return sum

复制代码>>> nums = [1, 2, 3]
>>> calc(*nums)
14

复制代码def person(name, age, **kw):
    print('name:', name, 'age:', age, 'other:', kw)

复制代码>>> person('Michael', 30)
name: Michael age: 30 other: {}

复制代码>>> person('Bob', 35, city='Beijing')
name: Bob age: 35 other: {'city': 'Beijing'}
>>> person('Adam', 45, gender='M', job='Engineer')
name: Adam age: 45 other: {'gender': 'M', 'job': 'Engineer'}

复制代码>>> extra = {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
>>> person('Jack', 24, **extra)
name: Jack age: 24 other: {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}

复制代码def person(name, age, *, city, job):
    print(name, age, city, job)
和关键字参数**kw不同，命名关键字参数需要一个特殊分隔符*，*后面的参数被视为命名关键字参数。

调用方式如下：
~~~python
>>> person('Jack', 24, city='Beijing', job='Engineer')
Jack 24 Beijing Engineer

复制代码def person(name, age, *args, city, job):
    print(name, age, args, city, job)

复制代码>>> person('Jack', 24, 'Beijing', 'Engineer')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: person() takes 2 positional arguments but 4 were given

复制代码def person(name, age, *, city='Beijing', job):
    print(name, age, city, job)
由于命名关键字参数city具有默认值，调用时，可不传入city参数：
~~~python
>>> person('Jack', 24, job='Engineer')
Jack 24 Beijing Engineer

复制代码def person(name, age, city, job):
    # 缺少 *，city和job被视为位置参数
    pass

复制代码def f1(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw):
    print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'args =', args, 'kw =', kw)

def f2(a, b, c=0, *, d, **kw):
    print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'd =', d, 'kw =', kw)

复制代码>>> L[0:3]
['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy']

复制代码>>> L[-2:]
['Bob', 'Jack']
>>> L[-2:-1]
['Bob']

复制代码>>> L[:10:2]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]