bash复制代码wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar xzvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

bash复制代码mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

bash复制代码mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

bash复制代码cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

bash复制代码chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

bash复制代码cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

ini复制代码vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
bind-address
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port=3306
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
symbolic-links=0
max_connections=600
innodb_file_per_table=1
lower_case_table_names=1
character_set_server=utf8

sql复制代码/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

bash复制代码ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
service mysql restart

css复制代码查看防火墙是否开发3306端口：

firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
如果关闭的话，开放端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
重新加载防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload
可以在使用上面查看命令查看一下。

csharp复制代码1、将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@localhost /]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
2、赋予可执行权限
[root@localhost /]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
3、添加服务
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig --add mysqld
4、显示服务列表
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig --list

Python复制代码import requests

headers = {'accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
          'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_0_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/88.0.4324.96 Safari/537.36'}
querystring = {"positionId":"100109","industryId":"0","cityId":"0","companySize":"0","financingStage":"0","experienceCode":"0"}
job_statics_url = 'https://www.zhipin.com/wapi/zpboss/h5/marketpay/statistics.json'

job_statics_data = requests.get(job_statics_url, params=querystring, headers=headers)

Python复制代码job_statics_data_json = job_staticis_data.json()
job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByPoints']

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByPoints']:
    statics_x.append(i['name'] + '\n' + i['title'])
    statics_y.append(i['salary'])

Python复制代码import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line, Bar, Pie, Calendar, WordCloud
from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode
from pyecharts.globals import SymbolType

x_data = statics_x
y_data = statics_y

background_color_js = (
    "new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, "
    "[{offset: 0, color: '#c86589'}, {offset: 1, color: '#06a7ff'}], false)"
)
area_color_js = (
    "new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, "
    "[{offset: 0, color: '#eb64fb'}, {offset: 1, color: '#3fbbff0d'}], false)"
)

c_line = (
    Line(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color=JsCode(background_color_js)))
    .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x_data)
    .add_yaxis(
        series_name="薪资",
        y_axis=y_data,
        is_smooth=True,
        is_symbol_show=True,
        symbol="circle",
        symbol_size=6,
        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#fff"),
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True, position="top", color="white"),
        itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
            color="red", border_color="#fff", border_width=3
        ),
        tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=False),
        areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(color=JsCode(area_color_js), opacity=1),
    )
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
            title="收入分位",
            pos_bottom="5%",
            pos_left="center",
            title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#fff", font_size=16),
        ),
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
            type_="category",
            boundary_gap=False,
            axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(margin=30, color="#ffffff63"),
            axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(is_show=False),
            axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(
                is_show=True,
                length=25,
                linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f"),
            ),
            splitline_opts=opts.SplitLineOpts(
                is_show=True, linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f")
            ),
        ),
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
            type_="value",
            position="right",
            axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(margin=20, color="#ffffff63"),
            axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(
                linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(width=2, color="#fff")
            ),
            axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(
                is_show=True,
                length=15,
                linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f"),
            ),
            splitline_opts=opts.SplitLineOpts(
                is_show=True, linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f")
            ),
        ),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),
    )
)

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByDistributed']:
    statics_y.append(i['percent'])
    statics_x.append(i['salaryRange'])

def bar_chart(x, y) -> Bar:
    background_color_js = (
        "new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, "
        "[{offset: 0, color: '#c86589'}, {offset: 1, color: '#06a7ff'}], false)"
    )
    c = (
        Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color=JsCode(background_color_js)))
        #Bar()
        .add_xaxis(x)
        # .add_xaxis(searchcount.index.tolist()[:10])
        .reversal_axis()
        .add_yaxis("", y, 
                   label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position='inside', formatter="{c}%"),
                  color='plum', category_gap="60%"
                  )
        .set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=-30, formatter="{value}%"),
                                                 axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(is_show=False),),
                        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
                            axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True),
                        axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(is_show=False),
                        axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(
                        is_show=True,
                        length=25,
                        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f"),
                    ),)
                        )
        .set_series_opts(
            itemstyle_opts={
            "normal": {
                "color": JsCode("""new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [{
                    offset: 0,
                    color: 'rgba(255,100,97,.5)'
                }, {
                    offset: 1,
                    color: 'rgba(221,160,221)'
                }], false)"""),
                "barBorderRadius": [30, 30, 30, 30],
                "shadowColor": 'rgb(0, 160, 221)',
            }}
        )
    )
    return c

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByWorkExp']:
    statics_y.append(i['percent'])
    statics_x.append(i['workExp'] + ':' + str(i['aveSalary']))

background_color_js = (
    "new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, "
    "[{offset: 0, color: '#c86589'}, {offset: 1, color: '#06a7ff'}], false)"
)
c = (
    Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color=JsCode(background_color_js)))
    .add(
        "",
        list(zip(statics_x, statics_y)),
        radius=["40%", "55%"],
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
            position="outside",
            formatter="{a|job}{abg|}\n{hr|}\n {b|{b}: }{per|{d}%}  ",
            background_color="#eee",
            border_color="#aaa",
            border_width=1,
            border_radius=4,
            rich={
                "a": {"color": "#999", "lineHeight": 22, "align": "center"},
                "abg": {
                    "backgroundColor": "#e3e3e3",
                    "width": "100%",
                    "align": "right",
                    "height": 22,
                    "borderRadius": [4, 4, 0, 0],
                },
                "hr": {
                    "borderColor": "#aaa",
                    "width": "100%",
                    "borderWidth": 0.5,
                    "height": 0,
                },
                "b": {"fontSize": 16, "lineHeight": 33},
                "per": {
                    "color": "#eee",
                    "backgroundColor": "#334455",
                    "padding": [2, 4],
                    "borderRadius": 2,
                },
            },
        ),
    )
    .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title=""))
)

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByAge']:
    statics_x.append(i['ageRange'])
    statics_y.append(i['people'])

def bar_chart_age(x, y) -> Bar:
    background_color_js = (
        "new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, "
        "[{offset: 0, color: '#c86589'}, {offset: 1, color: '#06a7ff'}], false)"
    )
    c = (
        Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(bg_color=JsCode(background_color_js)))
        #Bar()
        .add_xaxis(x)
        # .add_xaxis(searchcount.index.tolist()[:10])
        # .reversal_axis()
        .add_yaxis("", y, 
                   label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(position='inside', formatter="{c}"),
                  color='plum', category_gap="60%"
                  )
        .set_global_opts(xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=-30, formatter="{value}"),
                                                 axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(is_show=False),),
                        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
                            axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True),
                        axisline_opts=opts.AxisLineOpts(is_show=False),
                        axistick_opts=opts.AxisTickOpts(
                        is_show=True,
                        length=25,
                        linestyle_opts=opts.LineStyleOpts(color="#ffffff1f"),
                    ),)
                        )
        .set_series_opts(
            itemstyle_opts={
            "normal": {
                "color": JsCode("""new echarts.graphic.LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 1, [{
                    offset: 0,
                    color: 'rgba(255,100,97,.5)'
                }, {
                    offset: 1,
                    color: 'rgba(221,160,221)'
                }], false)"""),
                "barBorderRadius": [30, 30, 30, 30],
                "shadowColor": 'rgb(0, 160, 221)',
            }}
        )
    )
    return c

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByMonth']:
    statics_x.append(i['year'] + '-' + i['month'])
    statics_y.append(i['monthAveSalary'])
x_data = statics_x
y_data = statics_y

Python复制代码statics_x = []
statics_y = []
for i in job_statics_data_json['zpData']['salaryByCity']:
    if i['cityList']:
        statics_x.append(i['cityList'][0]['cityAveMonthSalary'])
    statics_y.append(i['provinceName'])
c = (
    Map()
    .add("全国薪资", [list(z) for z in zip(statics_y, statics_x)], "china")
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title=""),
        visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(max_=15000, min_=6000),
    )
)

ruby复制代码https://docs.rancher.cn/docs/k3s/quick-start/_index/
https://www.infoq.cn/article/jizyup2sl30kkfqjfblw
https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/installation/private-registry/

bash复制代码curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -

bash复制代码cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token

bash复制代码curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn K3S_URL=https://myserver:6443 K3S_TOKEN=mynodetoken sh -

arduino复制代码kubectl get nodes

makefile复制代码mirrors:
  "docker.io":
    endpoint:
      - "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"

复制代码systemctl restart k3s
systemctl restart k3s-agent

复制代码crictl info

复制代码crictl pull nginx

arduino复制代码crictl image ls

java复制代码/**
 * Annotation to activate Eureka Server related configuration.
 * {@link EurekaServerAutoConfiguration}
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(EurekaServerMarkerConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableEurekaServer {

}

java复制代码@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import(EurekaServerInitializerConfiguration.class)
@ConditionalOnBean(EurekaServerMarkerConfiguration.Marker.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ EurekaDashboardProperties.class,
        InstanceRegistryProperties.class })
@PropertySource("classpath:/eureka/server.properties")
public class EurekaServerAutoConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    /**
     * List of packages containing Jersey resources required by the Eureka server.
     */
    private static final String[] EUREKA_PACKAGES = new String[] {"com.netflix.discovery", "com.netflix.eureka" };

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager;
    @Autowired
    private EurekaServerConfig eurekaServerConfig;
    @Autowired
    private EurekaClientConfig eurekaClientConfig;
    @Autowired
    private EurekaClient eurekaClient;
    @Autowired
    private InstanceRegistryProperties instanceRegistryProperties;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "eureka.dashboard", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    public EurekaController eurekaController() {
        return new EurekaController(this.applicationInfoManager);
    }

    @Bean
    public ServerCodecs serverCodecs() {
        return new CloudServerCodecs(this.eurekaServerConfig);
    }

    @Bean
    public PeerAwareInstanceRegistry peerAwareInstanceRegistry(ServerCodecs serverCodecs) {
        this.eurekaClient.getApplications(); // force initialization
        return new InstanceRegistry(this.eurekaServerConfig, this.eurekaClientConfig,
                serverCodecs, this.eurekaClient,
                this.instanceRegistryProperties.getExpectedNumberOfClientsSendingRenews(),
                this.instanceRegistryProperties.getDefaultOpenForTrafficCount());
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public PeerEurekaNodes peerEurekaNodes(PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry,
            ServerCodecs serverCodecs, ReplicationClientAdditionalFilters replicationClientAdditionalFilters) {
        return new RefreshablePeerEurekaNodes(registry, this.eurekaServerConfig,
                this.eurekaClientConfig, serverCodecs, this.applicationInfoManager,
                replicationClientAdditionalFilters);
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public EurekaServerContext eurekaServerContext(ServerCodecs serverCodecs,
            PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry, PeerEurekaNodes peerEurekaNodes) {
        return new DefaultEurekaServerContext(this.eurekaServerConfig, serverCodecs,
                registry, peerEurekaNodes, this.applicationInfoManager);
    }

    @Bean
    public EurekaServerBootstrap eurekaServerBootstrap(PeerAwareInstanceRegistry registry,
            EurekaServerContext serverContext) {
        return new EurekaServerBootstrap(this.applicationInfoManager,
                this.eurekaClientConfig, this.eurekaServerConfig, registry,
                serverContext);
    }

    //.....
}

java复制代码@ConfigurationProperties(EurekaServerConfigBean.PREFIX)
public class EurekaServerConfigBean implements EurekaServerConfig {
    /**
     * Eureka server configuration properties prefix.
     */
    public static final String PREFIX = "eureka.server";
    private static final int MINUTES = 60 * 1000;
    private boolean enableSelfPreservation = true;
    private double renewalPercentThreshold = 0.85;
    private int renewalThresholdUpdateIntervalMs = 15 * MINUTES;
    private int peerEurekaNodesUpdateIntervalMs = 10 * MINUTES;
    private int numberOfReplicationRetries = 5;
    private int peerEurekaStatusRefreshTimeIntervalMs = 30 * 1000;
    private int waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty = 5 * MINUTES;
    private int peerNodeConnectTimeoutMs = 200;
    private int peerNodeReadTimeoutMs = 200;
    private int peerNodeTotalConnections = 1000;
    private int peerNodeTotalConnectionsPerHost = 500;
    private int peerNodeConnectionIdleTimeoutSeconds = 30;
    private long retentionTimeInMSInDeltaQueue = 3 * MINUTES;
    private long deltaRetentionTimerIntervalInMs = 30 * 1000;
    private long evictionIntervalTimerInMs = 60 * 1000;
    private long responseCacheAutoExpirationInSeconds = 180;
    private long responseCacheUpdateIntervalMs = 30 * 1000;
    private boolean useReadOnlyResponseCache = true;
    private boolean disableDelta;
    private int registrySyncRetries = 0;
    private int initialCapacityOfResponseCache = 1000;
    private int expectedClientRenewalIntervalSeconds = 30;
    private String myUrl;
    
    //....

    @Override
    public boolean shouldEnableSelfPreservation() {
        return this.enableSelfPreservation;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldDisableDelta() {
        return this.disableDelta;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldUseReadOnlyResponseCache() {
        return this.useReadOnlyResponseCache;
    }

    public boolean isEnableSelfPreservation() {
        return enableSelfPreservation;
    }

    @Override
    public double getRenewalPercentThreshold() {
        return renewalPercentThreshold;
    }

    //...
}

java复制代码public void start() {
    new Thread(() -> {
        try {
            // TODO: is this class even needed now?
            eurekaServerBootstrap.contextInitialized(EurekaServerInitializerConfiguration.this.servletContext);
            log.info("Started Eureka Server");

            publish(new EurekaRegistryAvailableEvent(getEurekaServerConfig()));
            EurekaServerInitializerConfiguration.this.running = true;
            publish(new EurekaServerStartedEvent(getEurekaServerConfig()));
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            // Help!
            log.error("Could not initialize Eureka servlet context", ex);
        }
    }).start();
}

java复制代码@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConditionalOnClass(EurekaClientConfig.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "eureka.client.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@ConditionalOnDiscoveryEnabled
@AutoConfigureBefore({ NoopDiscoveryClientAutoConfiguration.class, CommonsClientAutoConfiguration.class, ServiceRegistryAutoConfiguration.class })
@AutoConfigureAfter(name = {
        "org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.config.DiscoveryClientOptionalArgsConfiguration",
        "org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.RefreshAutoConfiguration",
        "org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaDiscoveryClientConfiguration",
        "org.springframework.cloud.client.serviceregistry.AutoServiceRegistrationAutoConfiguration" })
public class EurekaClientAutoConfiguration {
    private ConfigurableEnvironment env;
    public EurekaClientAutoConfiguration(ConfigurableEnvironment env) {
        this.env = env;
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EurekaClientConfig.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public EurekaClientConfigBean eurekaClientConfigBean(ConfigurableEnvironment env) {
        return new EurekaClientConfigBean();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ManagementMetadataProvider serviceManagementMetadataProvider() {
        return new DefaultManagementMetadataProvider();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EurekaInstanceConfig.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public EurekaInstanceConfigBean eurekaInstanceConfigBean(InetUtils inetUtils,
            ManagementMetadataProvider managementMetadataProvider) {
        //....
        return instance;
    }

    @Bean
    public EurekaServiceRegistry eurekaServiceRegistry() {
        return new EurekaServiceRegistry();
    }

    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnMissingRefreshScope
    protected static class EurekaClientConfiguration {
        @Autowired
        private ApplicationContext context;
        @Autowired
        private AbstractDiscoveryClientOptionalArgs<?> optionalArgs;

        @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EurekaClient.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
        public EurekaClient eurekaClient(ApplicationInfoManager manager, EurekaClientConfig config) {
        	// EurekaClient 实际类型为 CloudEurekaClient
            return new CloudEurekaClient(manager, config, this.optionalArgs, this.context);
        }

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ApplicationInfoManager.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
        public ApplicationInfoManager eurekaApplicationInfoManager(EurekaInstanceConfig config) {
            InstanceInfo instanceInfo = new InstanceInfoFactory().create(config);
            return new ApplicationInfoManager(config, instanceInfo);
        }
    }

    //...
}

java复制代码public void start() {
    // only initialize if nonSecurePort is greater than 0 and it isn't already running
    // because of containerPortInitializer below
    if (!this.running.get() && this.registration.getNonSecurePort() > 0) {
		// 注册
        this.serviceRegistry.register(this.registration);

        this.context.publishEvent(new InstanceRegisteredEvent<>(this, this.registration.getInstanceConfig()));
        this.running.set(true);
    }
}

go复制代码type Raft struct {
	mu        sync.Mutex          // Lock to protect shared access to this peer's state
	peers     []*labrpc.ClientEnd // RPC end points of all peers
	persister *Persister          // Object to hold this peer's persisted state
	me        int                 // this peer's index into peers[]
	dead      int32               // set by Kill()

	// Your data here (2A, 2B, 2C).
	// Look at the paper's Figure 2 for a description of what
	// state a Raft server must maintain.

	state       State
	lastReceive int64
	currentTerm int
	votedFor    int
    
	// New data structures in Lab 2B
	log         []LogEntry
	commitIndex int
	lastApplied int
	applyCh     chan ApplyMsg
	moreApply   bool
	applyCond   *sync.Cond

	nextIndex  []int
	matchIndex []int
}

type LogEntry struct {
	Command interface{}
	Term    int
}

type ApplyMsg struct {
	CommandValid bool
	Command      interface{}
	CommandIndex int
}

go复制代码type RequestVoteArgs struct {
	// Your data here (2A, 2B).
	Term         int
	CandidateId  int
	LastLogIndex int
	LastLogTerm  int
}

type RequestVoteReply struct {
	// Your data here (2A).
	Term        int
	VoteGranted bool
}

go复制代码type AppendEntryArgs struct {
	// Your data here (2A, 2B).
	Term         int
	LeaderId     int
	PrevLogIndex int
	PrevLogTerm  int
	Entries      []LogEntry
	LeaderCommit int
}

type AppendEntryReply struct {
	// Your data here (2A).
	Term    int
	Success bool

	// fast back up
	XTerm   int
	XIndex  int
	XLen    int
}

go复制代码func Make(peers []*labrpc.ClientEnd, me int,
	persister *Persister, applyCh chan ApplyMsg) *Raft {

	rf := &Raft{}
	rf.mu = sync.Mutex{}
	rf.peers = peers
	rf.persister = persister
	rf.me = me

	rf.state = Follower
	rf.currentTerm = 0
	rf.votedFor = -1
	rf.lastReceive = -1

	// new code in Lab 2B
	rf.log = make([]LogEntry, 0)

	rf.commitIndex = -1
	rf.lastApplied = -1

	rf.nextIndex = make([]int, len(peers))
	rf.matchIndex = make([]int, len(peers))

	rf.applyCh = applyCh
	rf.moreApply = false
	rf.applyCond = sync.NewCond(&rf.mu)

	// Your initialization code here (2A, 2B, 2C).

	// initialize from state persisted before a crash
	rf.readPersist(persister.ReadRaftState())

	go rf.leaderElection()
    
	// new code in Lab 2B
	go rf.appMsgApplier()

	return rf
}

go复制代码//
// the service using Raft (e.g. a k/v server) wants to start
// agreement on the next command to be appended to Raft's log. if this
// server isn't the leader, returns false. otherwise start the
// agreement and return immediately. there is no guarantee that this
// command will ever be committed to the Raft log, since the leader
// may fail or lose an election. even if the Raft instance has been killed,
// this function should return gracefully.
//
// the first return value is the index that the command will appear at
// if it's ever committed. the second return value is the current
// term. the third return value is true if this server believes it is
// the leader.
//
func (rf *Raft) Start(command interface{}) (int, int, bool) {
	index := -1
	term := -1
	isLeader := true

	// Your code here (2B).
	if rf.killed() {
		return index, term, false
	}

	rf.mu.Lock()
	defer rf.mu.Unlock()

	isLeader = rf.state == Leader
	if isLeader {
		rf.log = append(rf.log, LogEntry{Term: rf.currentTerm, Command: command})
		index = len(rf.log) - 1
		term = rf.currentTerm
		rf.matchIndex[rf.me] = len(rf.log) - 1
		rf.nextIndex[rf.me] = len(rf.log)
		DPrintf("[%d]: Start received command: index: %d, term: %d", rf.me, index, term)
        
	}

	return index + 1, term, isLeader
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) convertToLeader() {
	DPrintf("[%d]: convert from [%s] to [%s], term [%d]", rf.me, rf.state, Leader, rf.currentTerm)
	rf.state = Leader
	rf.lastReceive = time.Now().Unix()
	for i := 0; i < len(rf.peers); i++ {
		rf.nextIndex[i] = len(rf.log)
		rf.matchIndex[i] = -1
	}
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) kickOffLeaderElection() {
	rf.convertToCandidate()
	voteCount := 1
	totalCount := 1
	cond := sync.NewCond(&rf.mu)

	// prepare lastLogIndex and lastLogTerm
	lastLogIndex := len(rf.log) - 1
	lastLogTerm := -1
	if lastLogIndex >= 0 {
		lastLogTerm = rf.log[lastLogIndex].Term
	}

	for i := 0; i < len(rf.peers); i++ {
		if i != rf.me {
			go func(serverTo int, term int, candidateId int, lastLogIndex int, lastLogTerm int) {
				args := RequestVoteArgs{term, candidateId, lastLogIndex, lastLogTerm}
				reply := RequestVoteReply{}
				DPrintf("[%d]: term: [%d], send request vote to: [%d]", candidateId, term, serverTo)
				ok := rf.sendRequestVote(serverTo, &args, &reply)

				rf.mu.Lock()
				defer rf.mu.Unlock()

				totalCount += 1
				if !ok {
					cond.Broadcast()
					return
				}
				if reply.Term > rf.currentTerm {
					rf.convertToFollower(reply.Term)
				} else if reply.VoteGranted && reply.Term == rf.currentTerm {
					voteCount += 1
				}
				cond.Broadcast()
			}(i, rf.currentTerm, rf.me, lastLogIndex, lastLogTerm)
		}
	}
	go func() {
		rf.mu.Lock()
		defer rf.mu.Unlock()

		for voteCount <= len(rf.peers)/2 && totalCount < len(rf.peers) && rf.state == Candidate {
			cond.Wait()
		}
		if voteCount > len(rf.peers)/2 && rf.state == Candidate {
			rf.convertToLeader()
			go rf.operateLeaderHeartbeat()
		}
	}()
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) RequestVote(args *RequestVoteArgs, reply *RequestVoteReply) {
	// Your code here (2A, 2B).
	rf.mu.Lock()
	defer rf.mu.Unlock()
	DPrintf("[%d]: received vote request from [%d]", rf.me, args.CandidateId)

	if args.Term < rf.currentTerm {
		reply.Term = rf.currentTerm
		reply.VoteGranted = false
		return
	}

	// If RPC request or response contains term T > currentTerm:
	// set currentTerm = T, convert to follower (§5.1)
	if args.Term > rf.currentTerm {
		rf.convertToFollower(args.Term)
	}
	reply.Term = rf.currentTerm
	DPrintf("[%d]: status: term [%d], state [%s], vote for [%d]", rf.me, rf.currentTerm, rf.state, rf.votedFor)

	// 新增extra condition in Lab 2B
	// 选举限制
	if (rf.votedFor < 0 || rf.votedFor == args.CandidateId) &&
		(len(rf.log) == 0 || (args.LastLogTerm > rf.log[len(rf.log)-1].Term) ||
			(args.LastLogTerm == rf.log[len(rf.log)-1].Term && args.LastLogIndex >= len(rf.log)-1)) {
		rf.votedFor = args.CandidateId
		rf.lastReceive = time.Now().Unix()
		reply.VoteGranted = true
		DPrintf("[%d]: voted to [%d]", rf.me, args.CandidateId)

		return
	}

	reply.VoteGranted = false
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) operateLeaderHeartbeat() {
	for {
		if rf.killed() {
			return
		}
		rf.mu.Lock()
		if rf.state != Leader {
			rf.mu.Unlock()
			return
		}

		for i := 0; i < len(rf.peers); i++ {
			if i != rf.me {
				// // 在Lab 2B中此处新增了prevLogIndex、prevLogTerm、entries和leaderCommit
				// If last log index ≥ nextIndex for a follower: send
				// AppendEntries RPC with log entries starting at nextIndex
				// • If successful: update nextIndex and matchIndex for
				//   follower (§5.3)
				// • If AppendEntries fails because of log inconsistency:
				//   decrement nextIndex and retry (§5.3)
				prevLogIndex := rf.nextIndex[i] - 1
				prevLogTerm := -1
				if prevLogIndex >= 0 {
					prevLogTerm = rf.log[prevLogIndex].Term
				}
				var entries []LogEntry
				if len(rf.log)-1 >= rf.nextIndex[i] {
					DPrintf("[%d]: len of log: %d, next index of [%d]: %d", rf.me, len(rf.log), i, rf.nextIndex[i])
					entries = rf.log[rf.nextIndex[i]:]
				}
				go func(serverTo int, term int, leaderId int, prevLogIndex int, prevLogTerm int, entries []LogEntry, leaderCommit int) {
					args := AppendEntryArgs{term, leaderId, prevLogIndex, prevLogTerm, entries, leaderCommit}
					reply := AppendEntryReply{}
					ok := rf.sendAppendEntry(serverTo, &args, &reply)

					rf.mu.Lock()
					defer rf.mu.Unlock()
					if !ok {
						return
					}

					if reply.Term > rf.currentTerm {
						rf.convertToFollower(reply.Term)
						return
					}
					// Drop the reply of old term RPCs directly
					if rf.currentTerm == term && reply.Term == rf.currentTerm {
						if reply.Success {
							rf.nextIndex[serverTo] = prevLogIndex + len(entries) + 1
							rf.matchIndex[serverTo] = prevLogIndex + len(entries)

							// If there exists an N such that N > commitIndex, a majority
							// of matchIndex[i] ≥ N, and log[N].term == currentTerm:
							// set commitIndex = N (§5.3, §5.4).
							matches := make([]int, len(rf.peers))
							copy(matches, rf.matchIndex)
							sort.Ints(matches)
							majority := (len(rf.peers) - 1) / 2
							for i := majority; i >= 0 && matches[i] > rf.commitIndex; i-- {
								if rf.log[matches[i]].Term == rf.currentTerm {
									rf.commitIndex = matches[i]
									DPrintf("[%d]: commit index [%d]", rf.me, rf.commitIndex)
									rf.sendApplyMsg()
									break
								}
							}
						} else {
							// In Test (2C): Figure 8 (unreliable), the AppendEntry RPCs are reordered
							// So rf.nextIndex[serverTo]-- would be wrong
							rf.nextIndex[serverTo] = prevLogIndex
							if rf.nextIndex[serverTo]-1 >= reply.XLen {
								rf.nextIndex[serverTo] = reply.XLen
							} else {
								for i := rf.nextIndex[serverTo] - 1; i >= reply.XIndex; i-- {
									if rf.log[i].Term != reply.XTerm {
										rf.nextIndex[serverTo] -= 1
									} else {
										break
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}(i, rf.currentTerm, rf.me, prevLogIndex, prevLogTerm, entries, rf.commitIndex)
			}
		}
		rf.mu.Unlock()
		time.Sleep(time.Duration(heartBeatInterval) * time.Millisecond)
	}
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) AppendEntry(args *AppendEntryArgs, reply *AppendEntryReply) {
	// Your code here (2A, 2B).
	rf.mu.Lock()
	defer rf.mu.Unlock()

	DPrintf("[%d]: received append entry from [%d], args term: %d, LeaderCommit: %d, prevLogIndex: %d, prevLogTerm: %d, len(entry): %d",
		rf.me, args.LeaderId, args.Term, args.LeaderCommit, args.PrevLogIndex, args.PrevLogTerm, len(args.Entries))

	if args.Term < rf.currentTerm {
		reply.Term = rf.currentTerm
		reply.Success = false
		return
	}

	// If RPC request or response contains term T > currentTerm:
	// set currentTerm = T, convert to follower (§5.1)
	if args.Term > rf.currentTerm || rf.state == Candidate {
		rf.convertToFollower(args.Term)
	}
    
    // new code in Lab 2B
    
	// Reply false if log doesn’t contain an entry at prevLogIndex
	// whose term matches prevLogTerm (§5.3)
	if args.PrevLogIndex >= len(rf.log) || (args.PrevLogIndex >= 0 && rf.log[args.PrevLogIndex].Term != args.PrevLogTerm) {
		reply.Term = rf.currentTerm
		reply.Success = false

		reply.XLen = len(rf.log)
		if args.PrevLogIndex >= 0 && args.PrevLogIndex < len(rf.log) {
			reply.XTerm = rf.log[args.PrevLogIndex].Term
			for i := args.PrevLogIndex; i >= 0; i-- {
				if rf.log[i].Term == reply.XTerm {
					reply.XIndex = i
				} else {
					break
				}
			}
		}
		return
	}

	// If an existing entry conflicts with a new one (same index
	// but different terms), delete the existing entry and all that
	// follow it (§5.3)
	misMatchIndex := -1
	for i := range args.Entries {
		if args.PrevLogIndex+1+i >= len(rf.log) || rf.log[args.PrevLogIndex+1+i].Term != args.Entries[i].Term {
			misMatchIndex = i
			break
		}
	}
	// Append any new entries not already in the log
	if misMatchIndex != -1 {
		rf.log = append(rf.log[:args.PrevLogIndex+1+misMatchIndex], args.Entries[misMatchIndex:]...)
	}

	// If leaderCommit > commitIndex, set commitIndex =
	// min(leaderCommit, index of last new entry)
	if args.LeaderCommit > rf.commitIndex {
		newEntryIndex := len(rf.log) - 1
		if args.LeaderCommit >= newEntryIndex {
			rf.commitIndex = newEntryIndex
		} else {
			rf.commitIndex = args.LeaderCommit
		}
		DPrintf("[%d]: commit index [%d]", rf.me, rf.commitIndex)
		rf.sendApplyMsg()
	}

	rf.lastReceive = time.Now().Unix()
	reply.Term = rf.currentTerm
	reply.Success = true
	return
}

go复制代码func (rf *Raft) sendApplyMsg() {
	rf.moreApply = true
	rf.applyCond.Broadcast()
}

func (rf *Raft) appMsgApplier() {
	for {
		rf.mu.Lock()
		for !rf.moreApply {
			rf.applyCond.Wait()
		}
		commitIndex := rf.commitIndex
		lastApplied := rf.lastApplied
		entries := rf.log
		rf.moreApply = false
		rf.mu.Unlock()
		for i := lastApplied + 1; i <= commitIndex; i++ {
			msg := ApplyMsg{true, entries[i].Command, i + 1}
			DPrintf("[%d]: apply index %d - 1", rf.me, msg.CommandIndex)
			rf.applyCh <- msg
			rf.mu.Lock()
			rf.lastApplied = i
			rf.mu.Unlock()
		}

	}
}

java复制代码public class MainVerticle extends AbstractVerticle {

  @Override
  public void start(Promise<Void> startPromise) throws Exception {
    vertx.createHttpServer().requestHandler(req -> {
      req.response()
        .putHeader("content-type", "text/plain")
        .end("Hello from Vert.x!");
    }).listen(8888, http -> {
      if (http.succeeded()) {
        startPromise.complete();
        System.out.println("HTTP server started on port 8888");
      } else {
        startPromise.fail(http.cause());
      }
    });
 }

shell复制代码打包
$ mvn package

运行
$ mvn exec:java
HTTP server started on port 8888
一月 28, 2021 11:14:37 下午 io.vertx.core.impl.launcher.commands.VertxIsolatedDeployer
信息: Succeeded in deploying verticle

访问
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/
Hello from Vert.x!

xml复制代码<dependency>
    <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
    <artifactId>vertx-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

java复制代码public class MainVerticle extends AbstractVerticle {

  @Override
  public void start(Promise<Void> startPromise) throws Exception {
   // 创建一个路由
    Router router = Router.router(vertx);

    // 在每个路径和HTTP方法中为所有传入请求安装处理程序
    router.route().handler(context -> {
      // 获取请求的地址
      String address = context.request().connection().remoteAddress().toString();
      // Get the query parameter "name"
      MultiMap queryParams = context.queryParams();
      String name = queryParams.contains("name") ? queryParams.get("name") : "unknown";
      // Write a json response
      context.json(
        new JsonObject()
          .put("name", name)
          .put("address", address)
          .put("message", "Hello " + name + " connected from " + address)
      );
    });

    // Create the HTTP server
    vertx.createHttpServer()
      // Handle every request using the router（使用路由器处理每个请求）
      .requestHandler(router)
      // Start listening
      .listen(8888)
      // Print the port
      .onSuccess(server ->
        System.out.println(
          "HTTP server started on port " + server.actualPort()
        )
      );
  }
 }

shell复制代码访问
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/
{"name":"unknown","address":"127.0.0.1:3402","message":"Hello unknown connected from 127.0.0.1:3402"}

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8888?name=shaojie
{"name":"shaojie","address":"127.0.0.1:3605","message":"Hello shaojie connected from 127.0.0.1:3605"}

java复制代码HttpServer server = vertx.createHttpServer();
Router router = Router.router(vertx);
router.route().handler(ctx -> {
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
    response.end("Hello World from Vert.x-Web!");
});

server.requestHandler(router).listen(8080);

java复制代码Route route = router.route("/some/path/");
route.handler(ctx -> {
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    // 启用分块响应，因为我们将在执行其他处理程序时添加数据。仅一次且仅当多个处理程序进行输出时才需要这样做
    response.setChunked(true);
    response.write("route1\n");
    // 延迟5秒后呼叫下一条匹配路线
    ctx.vertx().setTimer(5000, tid -> ctx.next());
});

route.handler(ctx -> {
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.write("route2\n");
    // 延迟5秒后呼叫下一条匹配路线
    ctx.vertx().setTimer(5000, tid -> ctx.next());
});

route.handler(ctx -> {
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.write("route3");
    // Now end the response
    ctx.response().end();
});

shell复制代码$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/some/path/
route1
route2
route3

java复制代码router
  .get("/some/path")
  // 此处理程序将确保将响应序列化为json，并将内容类型设置为“application/json”
  .respond(
    ctx -> Future.succeededFuture(new JsonObject().put("hello", "world")));

router
  .get("/some/path")
  // 这个处理程序将确保Pojo被序列化为json 内容类型设置为“application/json”
  .respond(
    ctx -> Future.succeededFuture(new Pojo()));

shell复制代码$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/some/path/
{"hello":"world"}

java复制代码router
  .get("/some/path")
  .respond(
    ctx -> ctx
      .response()
        .putHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
        .end("hello world!"));

router
  .get("/some/path")
  // 在这种情况下，处理程序确保连接已经结束
  .respond(
    ctx -> ctx
      .response()
        .setChunked(true)
        .write("Write some text..."));

shell复制代码$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/some/path/
hello world!

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/some/path/
Write some text...

java复制代码Route route = router.route().path("/some/path/");
route.handler(ctx -> {
    // 此处理程序将被以下请求路径调用:
    // `/some/path/`
    // `/some/path//`
    
    // but not:
    // `/some/path` 路径的结束斜杠使其严格
    // `/some/path/subdir`
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
    response.end("/some/path/");
});

// 不以斜杠结束的路径不严格 后面的斜杠是可选的 它们可以任意匹配
Route route2 = router.route().path("/some/path");
route2.handler(ctx -> {
    // 此处理程序将被以下请求路径调用:
    // `/some/path`
    // `/some/path/`
    // `/some/path//`
    
    // but not:
    // `/some/path/subdir`
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
    response.end("/some/path");
});

java复制代码Route route = router.route().path("/some/path/*");
route.handler(ctx -> {
    // 此处理程序将被以下请求路径调用:
    // `/some/path/`, e.g.
    // `/some/path/`
    // `/some/path/subdir`
    // `/some/path/subdir/blah.html`

    // but not:
    // `/some/path` 该路径是严格的，因为它以斜杠结束
    // `/some/bath`
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
    response.end("/some/path/*");
});

java复制代码Route route = router.route(HttpMethod.POST, "/some/path/");
route.handler(ctx -> {
    // 对于以/some/path/开头的URI路径的任何POST请求，都会调用此处理程序
    HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
    response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
    response.end("method--/some/path/");
});

java复制代码router
  .get("/some/path")
  .respond(
    ctx -> ctx
      .response()
        .putHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
        .end("hello world!"));

java复制代码Route route = router.route().method(HttpMethod.POST).method(HttpMethod.PUT);
route.handler(ctx -> {});

java复制代码Route route = router.route()
  .method(HttpMethod.valueOf("MKCOL"))
  .handler(ctx -> {
    // 任何MKCOL请求都将调用此处理程序
  });

java复制代码 router
      .route("/some/path/")
      .order(1)
      .handler(ctx -> {
        HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
        response.write("route1\n");
        // Now call the next matching route
        ctx.next();
      });
    router
      .route("/some/path/")
      .order(0)
      .handler(ctx -> {
        HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
        // 启用分块响应，因为我们将在执行其他处理程序时添加数据。
        // 仅一次且仅当多个处理程序进行输出时才需要这样做。
        response.setChunked(true);
        response.write("route2\n");
        // Now call the next matching route
        ctx.next();
      });
    router
      .route("/some/path/")
      .order(2)
      .handler(ctx -> {
        HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
        response.write("route3");
        // Now end the response
        ctx.response().end();
      });

shell复制代码$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/some/path/
route2
route1
route3

java复制代码router
    .route(HttpMethod.POST, "/catalogue/products/:productType/:productID/")
    .handler(ctx -> {
        String productType = ctx.pathParam("productType");
        String productID = ctx.pathParam("productID");
        HttpServerResponse response = ctx.response();
        response.putHeader("content-type", "text/plain");
        response.end(productType + "--" + productID);
    });

shell复制代码$ curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/catalogue/products/String/123/
String--123

c复制代码int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);

c复制代码#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>  

int main(){
     int sockfd,retval,n;
     socklen_t clilen;
     struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
     char buf[10000]; 
     int i;
     
     sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); 
     if (sockfd < 0){
          exit(1);
     }
     clilen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);    
     while(1){
          n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, 10000, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &clilen);
          struct ip *ip_hdr = (struct ip *)buf;
          printf("IP 头部大小 %d bytes.\n", ip_hdr->ip_hl*4);
          
          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
               printf("%02X%s", (uint8_t)buf[i], (i + 1)%16 ? " " : "\n");
          }
          printf("\n");
          
          struct icmp *icmp_hdr = (struct icmp *)((char *)ip_hdr + (4 * ip_hdr->ip_hl));

          printf("ICMP msgtype=%d, code=%d ", icmp_hdr->icmp_type, icmp_hdr->icmp_code);
          printf("%s -> ", inet_ntoa(ip_hdr->ip_src));  
          printf("%s\n",   inet_ntoa(ip_hdr->ip_dst)); 
     }
}

java复制代码IP 头部大小 20 bytes.
45 00 00 3C 7E 8B 00 00 80 01 3A 14 C0 A8 00 67
C0 A8 00 6A 08 00 4C 21 00 01 01 3A 61 62 63 64
65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74
75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 
ICMP msgtype=8, code=0 192.168.0.103 -> 192.168.0.106
IP 头部大小 20 bytes.
45 00 00 3C 7E 8D 00 00 80 01 3A 12 C0 A8 00 67
C0 A8 00 6A 08 00 4C 20 00 01 01 3B 61 62 63 64
65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74
75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 
ICMP msgtype=8, code=0 192.168.0.103 -> 192.168.0.106
IP 头部大小 20 bytes.
45 00 00 3C 7E 8F 00 00 80 01 3A 10 C0 A8 00 67
C0 A8 00 6A 08 00 4C 1F 00 01 01 3C 61 62 63 64
65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74
75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 
ICMP msgtype=8, code=0 192.168.0.103 -> 192.168.0.106

c复制代码#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>

u_int16_t checksum(unsigned short *buf, int size)
{
	unsigned long sum = 0;
	while (size > 1) {
		sum += *buf;
		buf++;
		size -= 2;
	}
	if (size == 1)
		sum += *(unsigned char *)buf;
	sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
	sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
	return ~sum;
}


void setup_icmphdr(u_int8_t type, u_int8_t code, u_int16_t id, u_int16_t seq, struct icmphdr *icmphdr)
{
	memset(icmphdr, 0, sizeof(struct icmphdr));
	icmphdr->type = type;
	icmphdr->code = code;
	icmphdr->checksum = 0;
	icmphdr->un.echo.id = id;
	icmphdr->un.echo.sequence = seq;
	icmphdr->checksum = checksum((unsigned short *)icmphdr, sizeof(struct icmphdr));
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int n, soc;
	char buf[1500];
	struct sockaddr_in addr;
	struct in_addr insaddr;
	struct icmphdr icmphdr;
	struct iphdr *recv_iphdr;
	struct icmphdr *recv_icmphdr;

	if (argc < 2) {
		printf("请传入参数 : %s IP地址\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}

	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	soc = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
	setup_icmphdr(ICMP_ECHO, 0, 0, 0, &icmphdr);

	n = sendto(soc, (char *)&icmphdr, sizeof(icmphdr), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
	if (n < 1) {

		return 1;
	}

	n = recv(soc, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
	if (n < 1) {

		return 1;
	}

	recv_iphdr = (struct iphdr *)buf;

	recv_icmphdr = (struct icmphdr *)(buf + (recv_iphdr->ihl << 2));
    	printf("ICMP msgtype=%d, code=%d\n", recv_icmphdr->type, recv_icmphdr->code);
	insaddr.s_addr = recv_iphdr->saddr;
	close(soc);
	return 0;
}

c复制代码#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<netinet/ip.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>

int main() {

    struct sockaddr_in source_socket_address, dest_socket_address;

    int packet_size;


    unsigned char *buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(65536);

    int sock = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if(sock == -1)
    {

        perror("无法创建Socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    while(1) {

      packet_size = recvfrom(sock , buffer , 65536 , 0 , NULL, NULL);
      if (packet_size == -1) {
        return 1;
      }

      struct iphdr *ip_packet = (struct iphdr *)buffer;

      memset(&source_socket_address, 0, sizeof(source_socket_address));
      source_socket_address.sin_addr.s_addr = ip_packet->saddr;
      memset(&dest_socket_address, 0, sizeof(dest_socket_address));
      dest_socket_address.sin_addr.s_addr = ip_packet->daddr;

      char *sourceAddress=inet_ntoa(source_socket_address.sin_addr);
      if(strcmp(sourceAddress ,"192.168.0.101")==0){
          printf("数据包大小 (bytes): %d\n",ntohs(ip_packet->tot_len));
          printf("原地址: %s\n",sourceAddress );
          printf("目的地址: %s\n", (char *)inet_ntoa(dest_socket_address.sin_addr));
          printf("Identification: %d\n\n", ntohs(ip_packet->id));
       }

    }

    return 0;
}

java复制代码数据包大小 (bytes): 52
原地址: 192.168.0.101
目的地址: 192.168.0.106
Identification: 846

数据包大小 (bytes): 52
原地址: 192.168.0.101
目的地址: 192.168.0.106
Identification: 847

数据包大小 (bytes): 52
原地址: 192.168.0.101
目的地址: 192.168.0.106
Identification: 848

数据包大小 (bytes): 52
原地址: 192.168.0.101
目的地址: 192.168.0.106
Identification: 849

.....