复制代码extension Data{   
    enum ImageFormat {
        case jpg, png, gif, unknown
    }
    
    var imageFormat:ImageFormat {
        var headerData = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: 3)
        self.copyBytes(to: &headerData, from:(0..<3))
        let hexString = headerData.reduce("") { $0 + String(($1&0xFF), radix:16) }.uppercased()
        var imageFormat = ImageFormat.unknown
        switch hexString {
        case "FFD8FF": imageFormat = .jpg
        case "89504E": imageFormat = .png
        case "474946": imageFormat = .gif
        default:break
        }
        return imageFormat
    }
}

复制代码enum class ImageFormat{
    JPG, PNG, GIF, UNKNOWN
}

fun ByteArray.imageFormat(): ImageFormat {
    val headerData = this.slice(0..2)
    val hexString = headerData.fold(StringBuilder("")) { result, byte -> result.append( (byte.toInt() and 0xFF).toString(16) ) }.toString().toUpperCase()
    var imageFormat = ImageFormat.UNKNOWN
    when (hexString) {
        "FFD8FF" -> {
            imageFormat = ImageFormat.JPG
        }
        "89504E" -> {
            imageFormat = ImageFormat.PNG
        }
        "474946" -> {
            imageFormat = ImageFormat.GIF
        }
    }
    return imageFormat
}

复制代码public init?(width: Int, height: Int, bitsPerComponent: Int, bitsPerPixel: Int, bytesPerRow: Int, space: CGColorSpace, bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo, provider: CGDataProvider, decode: UnsafePointer<CGFloat>?, shouldInterpolate: Bool, intent: CGColorRenderingIntent)

复制代码public enum ColorConfig{
    case alpha8
    case rgb565
    case argb8888
    case rgbaF16
    case unknown // 其余色彩配置
}

复制代码extension CGBitmapInfo {
    init(_ alphaInfo:CGImageAlphaInfo, _ isFloatComponents:Bool = false) {
        var array = [
            CGBitmapInfo(rawValue: alphaInfo.rawValue),
            CGBitmapInfo(rawValue: CGImageByteOrderInfo.orderDefault.rawValue)
        ]
        
        if isFloatComponents {
            array.append(.floatComponents)
        }
        
        self.init(array)
    }
}

复制代码extension ColorConfig{
    struct CGImageConfig{
        let bitsPerComponent:Int
        let bitsPerPixel:Int
        let bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo
    }
    
    var imageConfig:CGImageConfig?{
        switch self {
        case .alpha8:
            return CGImageConfig(bitsPerComponent: 8, bitsPerPixel: 8, bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(.alphaOnly))
        case .rgb565:
            return CGImageConfig(bitsPerComponent: 5, bitsPerPixel: 16, bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(.noneSkipFirst))
        case .argb8888:
            return CGImageConfig(bitsPerComponent: 8, bitsPerPixel: 32, bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(.premultipliedFirst))
        case .rgbaF16:
            return CGImageConfig(bitsPerComponent: 16, bitsPerPixel: 64, bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(.premultipliedLast, true))
        case .unknown:
            return nil
        }
    }
}

复制代码extension CGImage{
    var colorConfig:ColorConfig{
        if isColorConfig(.alpha8) {
            return .alpha8
        } else if isColorConfig(.rgb565) {
            return .rgb565
        } else if isColorConfig(.argb8888) {
            return .argb8888
        } else if isColorConfig(.rgbaF16) {
            return .rgbaF16
        } else {
            return .unknown
        }
    }
    
    func isColorConfig(_ colorConfig:ColorConfig) -> Bool{
        guard let imageConfig = colorConfig.imageConfig else {
            return false
        }
        
        if bitsPerComponent == imageConfig.bitsPerComponent &&
            bitsPerPixel == imageConfig.bitsPerPixel &&
            imageConfig.bitmapInfo.contains(CGBitmapInfo(alphaInfo)) &&
            imageConfig.bitmapInfo.contains(.floatComponents) {
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

复制代码    /// 改变图片到指定的色彩配置
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - rawData: 原始图片数据
    ///   - config: 色彩配置
    /// - Returns: 处理后数据
    public static func changeColorWithImageData(_ rawData:Data, config:ColorConfig) -> Data?{
        guard let imageConfig = config.imageConfig else {
            return rawData
        }
    
        guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(rawData as CFData, [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary),
            let writeData = CFDataCreateMutable(nil, 0),
            let imageType = CGImageSourceGetType(imageSource),
            let imageDestination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData(writeData, imageType, 1, nil),
            let rawDataProvider = CGDataProvider(data: rawData as CFData),
            let imageFrame = CGImage(width: Int(rawData.imageSize.width),
                                     height: Int(rawData.imageSize.height),
                                     bitsPerComponent: imageConfig.bitsPerComponent,
                                     bitsPerPixel: imageConfig.bitsPerPixel,
                                     bytesPerRow: 0,
                                     space: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(),
                                     bitmapInfo: imageConfig.bitmapInfo,
                                     provider: rawDataProvider,
                                     decode: nil,
                                     shouldInterpolate: true,
                                     intent: .defaultIntent) else {
                                        return nil
        }
        CGImageDestinationAddImage(imageDestination, imageFrame, nil)
        guard CGImageDestinationFinalize(imageDestination) else {
            return nil
        }
        return writeData as Data
    }
    
    
    /// 获取图片的色彩配置
    ///
    /// - Parameter rawData: 原始图片数据
    /// - Returns: 色彩配置
    public static func getColorConfigWithImageData(_ rawData:Data) -> ColorConfig{
        guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(rawData as CFData, [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary),
            let imageFrame = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(imageSource, 0, nil) else {
                return .unknown
        }
        return imageFrame.colorConfig
    }

复制代码public Bitmap copy(Config config, boolean isMutable) {
      checkRecycled("Can't copy a recycled bitmap");
      if (config == Config.HARDWARE && isMutable) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Hardware bitmaps are always immutable");
      }
      noteHardwareBitmapSlowCall();
      Bitmap b = nativeCopy(mNativePtr, config.nativeInt, isMutable);
      if (b != null) {
          b.setPremultiplied(mRequestPremultiplied);
          b.mDensity = mDensity;
      }
      return b;
}

复制代码static func compressImageData(_ rawData:Data, compression:Double) -> Data?{
        guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(rawData as CFData, [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary),
            let writeData = CFDataCreateMutable(nil, 0),
            let imageType = CGImageSourceGetType(imageSource),
            let imageDestination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData(writeData, imageType, 1, nil) else {
                return nil
        }
        
        let frameProperties = [kCGImageDestinationLossyCompressionQuality: compression] as CFDictionary
        CGImageDestinationAddImageFromSource(imageDestination, imageSource, 0, frameProperties)
        guard CGImageDestinationFinalize(imageDestination) else {
            return nil
        }
        return writeData as Data
    }

复制代码val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
val image = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(rawData,0,rawData.count())
image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, compression, outputStream)
resultData = outputStream.toByteArray()

复制代码extension CGImageSource {
    func frameDurationAtIndex(_ index: Int) -> Double{
        var frameDuration = Double(0.1)
        guard let frameProperties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(self, index, nil) as? [AnyHashable:Any], let gifProperties = frameProperties[kCGImagePropertyGIFDictionary] as? [AnyHashable:Any] else {
            return frameDuration
        }
        
        if let unclampedDuration = gifProperties[kCGImagePropertyGIFUnclampedDelayTime] as? NSNumber {
            frameDuration = unclampedDuration.doubleValue
        } else {
            if let clampedDuration = gifProperties[kCGImagePropertyGIFDelayTime] as? NSNumber {
                frameDuration = clampedDuration.doubleValue
            }
        }
        
        if frameDuration < 0.011 {
            frameDuration = 0.1
        }
        
        return frameDuration
    }
    
    var frameDurations:[Double]{
        let frameCount = CGImageSourceGetCount(self)
        return (0..<frameCount).map{ self.frameDurationAtIndex($0) }
    }
}

复制代码    /// 同步压缩图片抽取帧数，仅支持 GIF
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - rawData: 原始图片数据
    ///   - sampleCount: 采样频率，比如 3 则每三张用第一张，然后延长时间
    /// - Returns: 处理后数据
    static func compressImageData(_ rawData:Data, sampleCount:Int) -> Data?{
        guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(rawData as CFData, [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary),
            let writeData = CFDataCreateMutable(nil, 0),
            let imageType = CGImageSourceGetType(imageSource) else {
                return nil
        }
        
        // 计算帧的间隔
        let frameDurations = imageSource.frameDurations
        
        // 合并帧的时间,最长不可高于 200ms
        let mergeFrameDurations = (0..<frameDurations.count).filter{ $0 % sampleCount == 0 }.map{ min(frameDurations[$0..<min($0 + sampleCount, frameDurations.count)].reduce(0.0) { $0 + $1 }, 0.2) }
        
        // 抽取帧 每 n 帧使用 1 帧
        let sampleImageFrames = (0..<frameDurations.count).filter{ $0 % sampleCount == 0 }.compactMap{ CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(imageSource, $0, nil) }
        
        guard let imageDestination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData(writeData, imageType, sampleImageFrames.count, nil) else{
            return nil
        }
        
        // 每一帧图片都进行重新编码
        zip(sampleImageFrames, mergeFrameDurations).forEach{
            // 设置帧间隔
            let frameProperties = [kCGImagePropertyGIFDictionary : [kCGImagePropertyGIFDelayTime: $1, kCGImagePropertyGIFUnclampedDelayTime: $1]]
            CGImageDestinationAddImage(imageDestination, $0, frameProperties as CFDictionary)
        }
        
        guard CGImageDestinationFinalize(imageDestination) else {
            return nil
        }
        
        return writeData as Data
    }

复制代码api 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.8.0'
api 'com.github.bumptech.glide:gifencoder-integration:4.8.0'

复制代码	/**
     * 返回同步压缩 gif 图片 Byte 数据 [rawData] 的按 [sampleCount] 采样后的 Byte 数据
     */
    private fun compressGifDataWithSampleCount(context: Context, rawData: ByteArray, sampleCount: Int): ByteArray? {
        if (sampleCount <= 1) {
            return rawData
        }
        val gifDecoder = StandardGifDecoder(GifBitmapProvider(Glide.get(context).bitmapPool))
        val headerParser = GifHeaderParser()
        headerParser.setData(rawData)
        val header = headerParser.parseHeader()
        gifDecoder.setData(header, rawData)

        val frameCount = gifDecoder.frameCount

        // 计算帧的间隔
        val frameDurations = (0 until frameCount).map { gifDecoder.getDelay(it) }

        // 合并帧的时间,最长不可高于 200ms
        val mergeFrameDurations = (0 until frameCount).filter { it % sampleCount == 0 }.map {
            min(
                frameDurations.subList(
                    it,
                    min(it + sampleCount, frameCount)
                ).fold(0) { acc, duration -> acc + duration }, 200
            )
        }

        // 抽取帧
        val sampleImageFrames = (0 until frameCount).mapNotNull {
            gifDecoder.advance()
            var imageFrame: Bitmap? = null
            if (it % sampleCount == 0) {
                imageFrame = gifDecoder.nextFrame
            }
            imageFrame
        }

        val gifEncoder = AnimatedGifEncoder()

        var resultData: ByteArray? = null

        try {
            val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
            gifEncoder.start(outputStream)
            gifEncoder.setRepeat(0)

            // 每一帧图片都进行重新编码
            sampleImageFrames.zip(mergeFrameDurations).forEach {
                // 设置帧间隔
                gifEncoder.setDelay(it.second)
                gifEncoder.addFrame(it.first)
                it.first.recycle()
            }
            gifEncoder.finish()

            resultData = outputStream.toByteArray()
            outputStream.close()
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }

        return resultData
    }

复制代码    /**
     * 返回同步压缩 gif 图片 Byte 数据 [rawData] 每一帧长边到 [limitLongWidth] 后的 Byte 数据
     */
    private fun compressGifDataWithLongWidth(context: Context, rawData: ByteArray, limitLongWidth: Int): ByteArray? {
        val gifDecoder = StandardGifDecoder(GifBitmapProvider(Glide.get(context).bitmapPool))
        val headerParser = GifHeaderParser()
        headerParser.setData(rawData)
        val header = headerParser.parseHeader()
        gifDecoder.setData(header, rawData)
        val frameCount = gifDecoder.frameCount

        // 计算帧的间隔
        val frameDurations = (0..(frameCount - 1)).map { gifDecoder.getDelay(it) }

        // 计算调整后大小
        val longSideWidth = max(header.width, header.height)
        val ratio = limitLongWidth.toFloat() / longSideWidth.toFloat()
        val resizeWidth = (header.width.toFloat() * ratio).toInt()
        val resizeHeight = (header.height.toFloat() * ratio).toInt()

        // 每一帧进行缩放
        val resizeImageFrames = (0 until frameCount).mapNotNull {
            gifDecoder.advance()
            var imageFrame = gifDecoder.nextFrame
            if (imageFrame != null) {
                imageFrame = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(imageFrame, resizeWidth, resizeHeight, true)
            }
            imageFrame
        }

        val gifEncoder = AnimatedGifEncoder()
        var resultData: ByteArray? = null

        try {
            val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
            gifEncoder.start(outputStream)
            gifEncoder.setRepeat(0)

            // 每一帧都进行重新编码
            resizeImageFrames.zip(frameDurations).forEach {
                // 设置帧间隔
                gifEncoder.setDelay(it.second)
                gifEncoder.addFrame(it.first)
                it.first.recycle()
            }

            gifEncoder.finish()

            resultData = outputStream.toByteArray()
            outputStream.close()
            return resultData
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
        return resultData
    }

复制代码    /// 同步压缩图片数据长边到指定数值
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - rawData: 原始图片数据
    ///   - limitLongWidth: 长边限制
    /// - Returns: 处理后数据
    public static func compressImageData(_ rawData:Data, limitLongWidth:CGFloat) -> Data?{
        guard max(rawData.imageSize.height, rawData.imageSize.width) > limitLongWidth else {
            return rawData
        }
        
        guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(rawData as CFData, [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary),
            let writeData = CFDataCreateMutable(nil, 0),
            let imageType = CGImageSourceGetType(imageSource) else {
                return nil
        }
        
        
        let frameCount = CGImageSourceGetCount(imageSource)
        
        guard let imageDestination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData(writeData, imageType, frameCount, nil) else{
            return nil
        }
        
        // 设置缩略图参数，kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize 为生成缩略图的大小。当设置为 800，如果图片本身大于 800*600，则生成后图片大小为 800*600，如果源图片为 700*500，则生成图片为 800*500
        let options = [kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize: limitLongWidth, kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform:true, kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailFromImageIfAbsent:true] as CFDictionary
        
        if frameCount > 1 {
            // 计算帧的间隔
            let frameDurations = imageSource.frameDurations
            
            // 每一帧都进行缩放
            let resizedImageFrames = (0..<frameCount).compactMap{ CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(imageSource, $0, options) }
            
            // 每一帧都进行重新编码
            zip(resizedImageFrames, frameDurations).forEach {
                // 设置帧间隔
                let frameProperties = [kCGImagePropertyGIFDictionary : [kCGImagePropertyGIFDelayTime: $1, kCGImagePropertyGIFUnclampedDelayTime: $1]]
                CGImageDestinationAddImage(imageDestination, $0, frameProperties as CFDictionary)
            }
        } else {
            guard let resizedImageFrame = CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(imageSource, 0, options) else {
                return nil
            }
            CGImageDestinationAddImage(imageDestination, resizedImageFrame, nil)
        }
        
        guard CGImageDestinationFinalize(imageDestination) else {
            return nil
        }
        
        return writeData as Data
    }

复制代码   /**
     * 返回同步压缩图片 Byte 数据 [rawData] 的长边到 [limitLongWidth] 后的 Byte 数据，Gif 目标长边最大压缩到 512，超过用 512
     */
    fun compressImageDataWithLongWidth(context: Context, rawData: ByteArray, limitLongWidth: Int): ByteArray? {
        val format = rawData.imageFormat()
        if (format == ImageFormat.UNKNOWN) {
            return null
        }

        val (imageWidth, imageHeight) = rawData.imageSize()
        val longSideWidth = max(imageWidth, imageHeight)

        if (longSideWidth <= limitLongWidth) {
            return rawData
        }

        if (format == ImageFormat.GIF) {
            // 压缩 Gif 分辨率太大编码时容易崩溃
            return compressGifDataWithLongWidth(context, rawData, max(512, longSideWidth))
        } else {
            val image = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(rawData, 0, rawData.size)
            val ratio = limitLongWidth.toDouble() / longSideWidth.toDouble()
            val resizeImageFrame = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(
                image,
                (image.width.toDouble() * ratio).toInt(),
                (image.height.toDouble() * ratio).toInt(),
                true
            )
            image.recycle()
            var resultData: ByteArray? = null
            when (format) {
                ImageFormat.PNG -> {
                    resultData = resizeImageFrame.toByteArray(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG)
                }
                ImageFormat.JPG -> {
                    resultData = resizeImageFrame.toByteArray(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG)
                }
                else -> {
                }
            }
            resizeImageFrame.recycle()
            return resultData
        }
    }

复制代码    /// 同步压缩图片到指定文件大小
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - rawData: 原始图片数据
    ///   - limitDataSize: 限制文件大小，单位字节
    /// - Returns: 处理后数据
    public static func compressImageData(_ rawData:Data, limitDataSize:Int) -> Data?{
        guard rawData.count > limitDataSize else {
            return rawData
        }
        
        var resultData = rawData
        
        // 若是 JPG，先用压缩系数压缩 6 次，二分法
        if resultData.imageFormat == .jpg {
            var compression: Double = 1
            var maxCompression: Double = 1
            var minCompression: Double = 0
            for _ in 0..<6 {
                compression = (maxCompression + minCompression) / 2
                if let data = compressImageData(resultData, compression: compression){
                    resultData = data
                } else {
                    return nil
                }
                if resultData.count < Int(CGFloat(limitDataSize) * 0.9) {
                    minCompression = compression
                } else if resultData.count > limitDataSize {
                    maxCompression = compression
                } else {
                    break
                }
            }
            if resultData.count <= limitDataSize {
                return resultData
            }
        }
        
        // 若是 GIF，先用抽帧减少大小
        if resultData.imageFormat == .gif {
            let sampleCount = resultData.fitSampleCount
            if let data = compressImageData(resultData, sampleCount: sampleCount){
                resultData = data
            } else {
                return nil
            }
            if resultData.count <= limitDataSize {
                return resultData
            }
        }
        
        var longSideWidth = max(resultData.imageSize.height, resultData.imageSize.width)
        // 图片尺寸按比率缩小，比率按字节比例逼近
        while resultData.count > limitDataSize{
            let ratio = sqrt(CGFloat(limitDataSize) / CGFloat(resultData.count))
            longSideWidth *= ratio
            if let data = compressImageData(resultData, limitLongWidth: longSideWidth) {
                resultData = data
            } else {
                return nil
            }
        }
        return resultData
    }

复制代码    /**
     * 返回同步压缩图片 Byte 数据 [rawData] 的数据大小到 [limitDataSize] 后的 Byte 数据
     */
    fun compressImageDataWithSize(context: Context, rawData: ByteArray, limitDataSize: Int): ByteArray? {
        if (rawData.size <= limitDataSize) {
            return rawData
        }

        val format = rawData.imageFormat()
        if (format == ImageFormat.UNKNOWN) {
            return null
        }

        var resultData = rawData

        // 若是 JPG，先用压缩系数压缩 6 次，二分法
        if (format == ImageFormat.JPG) {
            var compression = 100
            var maxCompression = 100
            var minCompression = 0

            try {
                val outputStream = ByteArrayOutputStream()
                for (index in 0..6) {
                    compression = (maxCompression + minCompression) / 2
                    outputStream.reset()
                    val image = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(rawData, 0, rawData.size)
                    image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, compression, outputStream)
                    image.recycle()
                    resultData = outputStream.toByteArray()
                    if (resultData.size < (limitDataSize.toDouble() * 0.9).toInt()) {
                        minCompression = compression
                    } else if (resultData.size > limitDataSize) {
                        maxCompression = compression
                    } else {
                        break
                    }
                }
                outputStream.close()
            } catch (e: IOException) {
                e.printStackTrace()
            }

            if (resultData.size <= limitDataSize) {
                return resultData
            }
        }

        // 若是 GIF，先用抽帧减少大小
        if (format == ImageFormat.GIF) {
            val sampleCount = resultData.fitSampleCount()
            val data = compressGifDataWithSampleCount(context, resultData, sampleCount)
            if (data != null) {
                resultData = data
            } else {
                return null
            }

            if (resultData.size <= limitDataSize) {
                return resultData
            }
        }


        val (imageWidth, imageHeight) = resultData.imageSize()
        var longSideWidth = max(imageWidth, imageHeight)

        // 图片尺寸按比率缩小，比率按字节比例逼近
        while (resultData.size > limitDataSize) {
            val ratio = Math.sqrt(limitDataSize.toDouble() / resultData.size.toDouble())
            longSideWidth = (longSideWidth.toDouble() * ratio).toInt()
            val data = compressImageDataWithLongWidth(context, resultData, longSideWidth)
            if (data != null) {
                resultData = data
            } else {
                return null
            }
        }

        return resultData
    }

复制代码abstract void fun();

复制代码[public] abstract class ClassName {
 
    abstract void fun();
 
}

复制代码[public] interface InterfaceName {
 
 
 
}

复制代码class ClassName implements Interface1,Interface2,[....]{
 
}

复制代码abstract class Door {
 
    public abstract void open();
 
    public abstract void close();
 
}

复制代码interface Door {
 
    public abstract void open();
 
    public abstract void close();
 
}

复制代码interface Alram {
 
    void alarm();
 
}
 
 
 
abstract class Door {
 
    void open();
 
    void close();
 
}
 
 
 
class AlarmDoor extends Door implements Alarm {
 
    void oepn() {
 
      //....
 
    }
 
    void close() {
 
      //....
 
    }
 
    void alarm() {
 
      //....
 
    }
 
}

复制代码class City(models.Model):
    state = models.ForeignKey(State, related_name='cities')
    name = models.TextField()
    population = models.DecimalField()
    land_area_km = models.DecimalField()
    def density(self):
       return self.population / self.land_area_km

复制代码>>> illinois = State.objects.get(name='Illinois')
>>> chicago = City.objects.create(
    name="Chicago",
    state=illinois,
    population=2695598,
    land_area_km=588.81
)
>>> chicago.density()
4578.04...

复制代码class City(models.Model):
    ...
    @classmethod
    def dense_cities(cls):
        return [
            city for city in City.objects.all()
            if city.density() > 4000
        ]

复制代码class CitySet(models.QuerySet):
    def add_density(self):
        return self.annotate(
            density=F('population') / F('land_area_km')
        )
    def dense_cities(self):
        self.add_density().filter(density__gt=4000)

class City(models.Model):
    ...
    objects = CitySet.as_manager()

复制代码self.annotate(
  density=F('population') / F('land_area_km')
)

复制代码>>> City.objects.dense_cities().values_list('name', 'density')
<QuerySet [("New York City", Decimal('10890.23')), ...]>

# Reverse descriptor
>>> illinois.city.dense_cities().values_list('name', 'density')
<QuerySet [("Chicago", Decimal('4578.04')), ...]>

复制代码City.objects.dense_cities().values_list('name', 'density')

复制代码illinois.city.dense_cities().values_list('name', 'density')

复制代码[
    state for state in State.objects.all()
    if state.cities.dense_cities().exists()
]

复制代码state_ids = City.objects.dense_cities().values('state_id') 
State.objects.filter(id__in=Subquery(state_ids))
// 或者也可以把Subquery省略掉
State.objects.filter(id__in=state_ids)

复制代码class StateSet(models.QuerySet):
    def add_dense_cities(self):
        return self.annotate(
            has_dense_cities=Exists(
               City
               .objects
               .filter(state=OuterRef('id'))
               .dense_cities()
            )
        )

class State(models.Model):
    ...
    objects = StateSet.as_manager()

复制代码State.objects.add_dense_cities().filter(has_dense_cities=True)

复制代码public class Monitor extends AnAction {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(AnActionEvent anActionEvent) {

        try {

            Project project = anActionEvent.getData(PlatformDataKeys.PROJECT);

            String os = AndroidUtils.getPlatformName();
            String sdkPath = AndroidUtils.getApkLocalProperties(project);
            if (os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")) {
                sdkPath += File.separator + "tools" + File.separator + "monitor.bat";
            } else {
                sdkPath += File.separator + "tools" + File.separator + "monitor";
            }

            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(sdkPath);
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

    }
}

复制代码/**
 * 动态获取本地Android SDK的路径
 *
 * @param project
 * @return
 */
public static String getApkLocalProperties(Project project) {

    String sdkPath = "";

    try {

        String path = project.getBasePath() + File.separator + "local.properties";

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        properties.load(inputStream);

        sdkPath = properties.getProperty("sdk.dir");
    } catch (Exception e) {

    }
    return sdkPath;
}

复制代码if(a){
	//dosomething
}else if(b){
	//doshomething
}else if(c){
	//doshomething
} else{
	////doshomething
}

复制代码InnerCommand instance = innerCommandContext.getInstance(msg);
instance.process(msg) ;

复制代码CREATE TABLE `test_user` (
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `birthday` date NOT NULL,
  `sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `height` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `weight` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`),
  KEY `idx_name_height_weight` (`name`,`height`,`weight`),
  KEY `idx_height` (`height`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

复制代码INSERT INTO `test_user` (`user_id`, `name`, `birthday`, `sex`, `height`, `weight`)
VALUES
	(1, 'Tony', '1991-01-01', 1, 176, 65),
	(2, 'Mary', '1989-12-19', 2, 160, 50),
	(3, 'Tom', '1996-05-29', 1, 180, 70),
	(4, 'Kiven', '1994-08-09', 1, 190, 80),
	(5, 'John', '1992-11-12', 1, 182, 75);

复制代码select * from test_user where name='mary'

复制代码    DELETE from test_user where name='mary';

复制代码    SELECT MIN(height)  FROM `test_user`

复制代码    SELECT MIN(height)  from `test_user` where height>=176 AND height<=190;

复制代码    SELECT MIN(height)  from test_user where sex=1;

复制代码    SELECT name,height from test_user ORDER BY `name` DESC;

复制代码@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Slf4j
    @RestController
    static class TestController {

        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;

        @GetMapping("/test")
        public String test() {
            String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://alibaba-nacos-discovery-server/hello?name=didi", String.class);
            return "Return : " + result;
        }
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

复制代码@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Slf4j
    @RestController
    static class TestController {

        @Autowired
        private WebClient.Builder webClientBuilder;

        @GetMapping("/test")
        public Mono<String> test() {
            Mono<String> result = webClientBuilder.build()
                    .get()
                    .uri("http://alibaba-nacos-discovery-server/hello?name=didi")
                    .retrieve()
                    .bodyToMono(String.class);
            return result;
        }
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public WebClient.Builder loadBalancedWebClientBuilder() {
        return WebClient.builder();
    }

}

复制代码<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

复制代码@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Slf4j
    @RestController
    static class TestController {

        @Autowired
        Client client;

        @GetMapping("/test")
        public String test() {
            String result = client.hello("didi");
            return "Return : " + result;
        }
    }


    @FeignClient("alibaba-nacos-discovery-server")
    interface Client {

        @GetMapping("/hello")
        String hello(@RequestParam(name = "name") String name);

    }

}

复制代码/**
 * A PropertyDescriptor describes one property that a Java Bean
 * exports via a pair of accessor methods.
 */
public class PropertyDescriptor extends FeatureDescriptor {
    //...
}

复制代码/**
 * The FeatureDescriptor class is the common baseclass for PropertyDescriptor,
 * EventSetDescriptor, and MethodDescriptor, etc.
 * <p>
 * It supports some common information that can be set and retrieved for
 * any of the introspection descriptors.
 * <p>
 * In addition it provides an extension mechanism so that arbitrary
 * attribute/value pairs can be associated with a design feature.
 */

public class FeatureDescriptor {
    //...
}

复制代码    private boolean expert; // 专有
    private boolean hidden; // 隐藏
    private boolean preferred; // 首选
    private String shortDescription; //简单说明
    private String name; // 编程名称
    private String displayName; //本地名称
    private Hashtable<String, Object> table; // 属性表

复制代码    private final MethodRef readMethodRef = new MethodRef();
    private final MethodRef writeMethodRef = new MethodRef();
    private String writeMethodName;
    private String readMethodName;

复制代码    // The base name of the method name which will be prefixed with the
    // read and write method. If name == "foo" then the baseName is "Foo"
    private String baseName;

复制代码public class Cat {

    private String name;

    private String describe;

    private int age;

    private int weight;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescribe() {
        return describe;
    }

    public void setDescribe(String describe) {
        this.describe = describe;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(int weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }
}

复制代码    /**
     * Constructs a PropertyDescriptor for a property that follows
     * the standard Java convention by having getFoo and setFoo
     * accessor methods.  Thus if the argument name is "fred", it will
     * assume that the writer method is "setFred" and the reader method
     * is "getFred" (or "isFred" for a boolean property).  Note that the
     * property name should start with a lower case character, which will
     * be capitalized in the method names.
     *
     * @param propertyName The programmatic name of the property.
     * @param beanClass The Class object for the target bean.  For
     *          example sun.beans.OurButton.class.
     * @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during
     *              introspection.
     */
    public PropertyDescriptor(String propertyName, Class<?> beanClass)
                throws IntrospectionException {
        this(propertyName, beanClass,
                Introspector.IS_PREFIX + NameGenerator.capitalize(propertyName),
                Introspector.SET_PREFIX + NameGenerator.capitalize(propertyName));
    }

复制代码    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        PropertyDescriptor CatPropertyOfName = new PropertyDescriptor("name", Cat.class);
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyType());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyEditorClass());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getReadMethod());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getWriteMethod());
    }

复制代码/**
     * This constructor takes the name of a simple property, and method
     * names for reading and writing the property.
     *
     * @param propertyName The programmatic name of the property.
     * @param beanClass The Class object for the target bean.  For
     *          example sun.beans.OurButton.class.
     * @param readMethodName The name of the method used for reading the property
     *           value.  May be null if the property is write-only.
     * @param writeMethodName The name of the method used for writing the property
     *           value.  May be null if the property is read-only.
     * @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during
     *              introspection.
     */
    public PropertyDescriptor(String propertyName, Class<?> beanClass,
                String readMethodName, String writeMethodName)
                throws IntrospectionException {
        if (beanClass == null) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("Target Bean class is null");
        }
        if (propertyName == null || propertyName.length() == 0) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("bad property name");
        }
        if ("".equals(readMethodName) || "".equals(writeMethodName)) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("read or write method name should not be the empty string");
        }
        setName(propertyName);
        setClass0(beanClass);

        this.readMethodName = readMethodName;
        if (readMethodName != null && getReadMethod() == null) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("Method not found: " + readMethodName);
        }
        this.writeMethodName = writeMethodName;
        if (writeMethodName != null && getWriteMethod() == null) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("Method not found: " + writeMethodName);
        }
        // If this class or one of its base classes allow PropertyChangeListener,
        // then we assume that any properties we discover are "bound".
        // See Introspector.getTargetPropertyInfo() method.
        Class[] args = { PropertyChangeListener.class };
        this.bound = null != Introspector.findMethod(beanClass, "addPropertyChangeListener", args.length, args);
    }

复制代码    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        PropertyDescriptor CatPropertyOfName = new PropertyDescriptor("name", Cat.class,"getName","setName");
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyType());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyEditorClass());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getReadMethod());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getWriteMethod());
    }

复制代码    /**
     * This constructor takes the name of a simple property, and Method
     * objects for reading and writing the property.
     *
     * @param propertyName The programmatic name of the property.
     * @param readMethod The method used for reading the property value.
     *          May be null if the property is write-only.
     * @param writeMethod The method used for writing the property value.
     *          May be null if the property is read-only.
     * @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during
     *              introspection.
     */
    public PropertyDescriptor(String propertyName, Method readMethod, Method writeMethod)
                throws IntrospectionException {
        if (propertyName == null || propertyName.length() == 0) {
            throw new IntrospectionException("bad property name");
        }
        setName(propertyName);
        setReadMethod(readMethod);
        setWriteMethod(writeMethod);
    }

复制代码    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class<?> classType = Cat.class;
        Method CatNameOfRead = classType.getMethod("getName");
        Method CatNameOfWrite = classType.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        PropertyDescriptor CatPropertyOfName = new PropertyDescriptor("name", CatNameOfRead,CatNameOfWrite);
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyType());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getPropertyEditorClass());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getReadMethod());
        System.out.println(CatPropertyOfName.getWriteMethod());
    }

复制代码    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //获取类
        Class classType = Class.forName("com.example.demo.beans.Cat");
        Object catObj = classType.newInstance();
        //获取Name属性
        PropertyDescriptor catPropertyOfName = new PropertyDescriptor("name",classType);
        //得到对应的写方法
        Method writeOfName = catPropertyOfName.getWriteMethod();
        //将值赋进这个类中
        writeOfName.invoke(catObj,"river");
        Cat cat = (Cat)catObj;
        System.out.println(cat.toString());
    }

复制代码    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //一开始的默认对象
        Cat cat = new Cat("river","黑猫",2,4);
        //获取name属性
        PropertyDescriptor catPropertyOfName = new PropertyDescriptor("name",Cat.class);
        //得到读方法
        Method readMethod = catPropertyOfName.getReadMethod();
        //获取属性值
        String name = (String) readMethod.invoke(cat);
        System.out.println("默认：" + name);
        //得到写方法
        Method writeMethod = catPropertyOfName.getWriteMethod();
        //修改值
        writeMethod.invoke(cat,"copy");
        System.out.println("修改后：" + cat);
    }